1. How has phosphorylation control the enzyme function? 2. Uncompetitive vs competitive inhibitors? 3. Why enzymes do not work best in extreme pH? 4. How end product inhibition aff... 1. How has phosphorylation control the enzyme function? 2. Uncompetitive vs competitive inhibitors? 3. Why enzymes do not work best in extreme pH? 4. How end product inhibition affect the activity of enzymes? 5. Explain about enzyme transition state in short.
Understand the Problem
The question consists of multiple parts relating to enzyme function, inhibition, and regulation. It seeks information on how phosphorylation regulates enzymes, compares competitive and non-competitive inhibitors, discusses the limits of enzymes under extreme conditions, explains product inhibition, and asks for a brief overview of enzyme transition states.
Answer
["1. Phosphorylation alters enzyme activity via conformational changes.","2. Competitive inhibitors block the active site; uncompetitive bind elsewhere.","3. Extreme pH denatures enzymes, affecting function.","4. End product inhibition regulates pathways through feedback.","5. Transition state is a high-energy, intermediate state in reactions."]
["1. Phosphorylation controls enzyme function by adding a phosphate group, which can activate or deactivate the enzyme by causing conformational changes.","2. Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site, while uncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme-substrate complex, preventing the reaction.","3. Enzymes do not work best in extreme pH because their structure is altered, affecting the active site and substrate binding.","4. End product inhibition is a form of feedback inhibition where the final product inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway, regulating the pathway's activity.","5. The enzyme transition state is a high-energy, unstable state during the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, where substrates are converted to products."]
Answer for screen readers
["1. Phosphorylation controls enzyme function by adding a phosphate group, which can activate or deactivate the enzyme by causing conformational changes.","2. Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site, while uncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme-substrate complex, preventing the reaction.","3. Enzymes do not work best in extreme pH because their structure is altered, affecting the active site and substrate binding.","4. End product inhibition is a form of feedback inhibition where the final product inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway, regulating the pathway's activity.","5. The enzyme transition state is a high-energy, unstable state during the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, where substrates are converted to products."]
More Information
Phosphorylation and feedback inhibition are key regulatory mechanisms in metabolic pathways. Enzyme structure is sensitive to environmental changes, which is why pH and temperature can dramatically impact their activity.
Tips
Ensure to distinguish between different types of inhibitors and their effects on enzyme kinetics.
Sources
- Enzyme regulation (article) | Khan Academy - khanacademy.org
- Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications - PMC - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Enzyme inhibitor - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org
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