1. Explain surface to volume ratio 2. Explain the Ball-Milling and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 3. Explain Sol-Gel method Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 4. Explain Scanning... 1. Explain surface to volume ratio 2. Explain the Ball-Milling and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 3. Explain Sol-Gel method Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 4. Explain Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and applications of Nano-materials 5. Explain X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Applications of Nano materials Read more

Various techniques such as SEM, STM, and XRD help understand nanomaterials, which have high surface-to-volume ratios affecting their properties. Methods like ball-milling, CVD, and sol-gel are used for nano synthesis, enabling applications in electronics, medicine, and materials science.

1. Surface to Volume Ratio: This is a measure of the amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or particle. It is particularly high in nanomaterials, affecting their properties and reactivity.

2. Ball-Milling and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD):

   • Ball-Milling: A mechanical process for reducing particle size using grinding balls. It’s used for creating fine particles and nano-materials.
   • CVD: A process to create thin films or coatings by chemical reactions of vapor-phase precursors on a substrate. It is used for synthesizing nanostructures like nanotubes.

3. Sol-Gel Method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM):

   • Sol-Gel Method: A chemical process to synthesize materials at low temperatures, useful for producing ceramics and glasses with high purity and uniformity.
   • SEM: A type of electron microscope that scans a focused electron beam to produce detailed images of sample surfaces, widely used in material science.

4. Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and Applications of Nanomaterials:

   • STM: A microscope that uses quantum tunneling of electrons between a sharp tip and a sample for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
   • Applications: Nanomaterials are used in electronics, medicine, energy, and materials science due to their unique physical and chemical properties.

5. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Applications of Nanomaterials:

   • XRD: A technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials by observing the patterns produced when X-rays diffract through a material.
   • Applications: Nanomaterials offer enhanced properties such as strength, chemical reactivity, and electrical characteristics, beneficial in diverse fields from catalysis to drug delivery.