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Questions and Answers
Which element is NOT typically included in the elevation details for a residential design?
What dimension is indicated between the natural ground line and the ceiling line?
Which type of section shows the entire building construction for structural planning?
Which technique is used to show builders how to construct and install internal features?
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What type of drawing indicates the material representation in elevation?
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Which feature would NOT typically be highlighted in an elevation drawing?
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What is the main purpose of a wall section in architectural drafting?
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In dimensioning elevation, what does the term 'height of masonry wall' refer to?
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What is the primary focus of fenestration in architectural design?
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Which aspect of elevation drawings is illustrated by the vertical distances from a datum line?
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In which scenario should shadows be taken into consideration in elevation design?
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What guides the selection of window and door sizes in elevation drafting?
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Which of the following methods can be used to label elevation views?
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How are elevation drawings related to floor plans in architectural design?
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What is the significance of proportion in architectural design?
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What technique is described for the representation of materials in elevation sketches?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes dimensioning elevations?
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What is the proper method for dimensioning room heights on an elevation drawing?
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Which dimensioning rule applies to the depth of footings in elevation drawings?
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When dimensioning heights of windows and doors, what reference point is used?
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What should be included in an elevation drawing to express the roof pitch?
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How are dimensions for small or complex areas typically represented in elevation drawings?
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Which line type is used to show floor and ceiling lines in elevation drawings?
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What should be done when space is limited in an elevation drawing to show feet and inches?
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Study Notes
Dimensioning Rules
- Vertical elevation dimensions should be read from the right of the drawing.
- Levels should be labeled with a note, term, or abbreviation.
- Room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor line to the ceiling line.
- The depth of footings is dimensioned from the ground line.
- Heights of windows and doors are dimensioned from the floor plan to the top of the window/door.
- Elevation dimensions show only vertical distances.
- Windows and doors may be indexed to a schedule or style, shown on the elevation drawing.
- Roof pitch is shown by indicating the rise over the run.
- Small, complex, or obscure areas should be indexed to a separate detail.
- Ground-line elevations are expressed as heights above a datum point.
- Heights of chimneys above the ridge line are dimensioned.
- Floor and ceiling lines are shown with hidden lines.
- Heights of planters and walls are dimensioned from the ground line.
- Thickness of slabs are dimensioned.
- Overall height dimensions are placed on the outside of subdimensions.
- Thickness of footings are dimensioned.
- An alternative method can be used to show feet and inches, when space is limited.
- The depth of footings is dimensioned from the ground line.
Drafting Elevations
- Lay out the elevation lightly using a sharp, hard pencil.
- Transfer horizontal dimensions from the floor plan.
- Locate the vertical distance of ceiling from the floor line, ridge to ceiling line, and natural ground to finished ground line.
- Indicate the height of doors and windows.
Elevation Design Considerations
- Proportion: Deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation.
- Fenestration: Deals with the arrangement of windows and doors in a wall.
- Harmony: Refers to all features harmonizing to present a uniform elevation.
- Shadows: Can enhance a simple elevation by taking advantage of shading.
Finished Sketches
- Use drawing instruments for detailed sketches.
- Consider the exact size and representation of all features.
Elevation Drafting Considerations
- Window and Door Size: Choose from manufacturer catalogs adhering to building codes.
- Window and Door Representation: Draw simply in elevation.
- Material Representation: Shown by drawing a few lines, like bricks.
- Footings and Walls: Hidden lines indicate location.
- Labeling Views: Label with views (front, rear, left, right) or compass directions (north, south, east, west).
- Dimensioning: Limited to vertical dimensions - horizontal dimensions are on the plan.
Elevation Projection
- Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan.
- All six views are rarely used.
- Instead, four elevations are typically projected on the floor plan.
Elevation Dimensioning
- Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum line.
- Indicate the thickness of walls, fascia board, and other materials seen on elevation.
- Darken the lines to highlight them.
Elevation Details
- Draw the elevation details and architectural materials.
- Details vary depending on house style.
- Examples include roof fascia, roof beams, window representation, gradelines, material representation, and a darkened building outline.
Section Drawings
- Show the internal construction of a building.
- Prepare for interior details needed to guide construction.
- Interior elevation drawings show construction and installation of special features (closets, cabinets, bathtubs).
- Techniques are the same as for exterior elevations.
- Use a floor plan to locate key vertical lines after horizontal dimensions have been indicated.
Types of Sections
- Section: Shows the interior of a building or structure.
- Cross Section: Cutting-plane line is drawn horizontally.
- Longitudinal Section: Cutting-plane is drawn vertically.
- Cutting Plane Line: A heavy line which shows the exact location where the plan is cut.
Types of Architectural Sections
- Structural Section: Shows the entire building construction.
- Wall Section: Shows construction of a typical wall.
- Detail Section: Shows any deviation from a typical section.
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