Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two parts of a scientific name?
What are the two parts of a scientific name?
- Class and Division
- Kingdom and Phylum
- Order and Family
- Genus and Species (correct)
Who developed the classification system that is still used today?
Who developed the classification system that is still used today?
Carolus Linnaeus
What is the system of naming that involves giving an organism a two-part name?
What is the system of naming that involves giving an organism a two-part name?
Binomial nomenclature
In what language is the scientific name written?
In what language is the scientific name written?
The evolutionary history of a species is called ________, but ________ is the science that groups and names species.
The evolutionary history of a species is called ________, but ________ is the science that groups and names species.
What is the system of classification that is based on shared derived characters?
What is the system of classification that is based on shared derived characters?
A diagram that shows the evolutionary history among a group of organisms is called a __________.
A diagram that shows the evolutionary history among a group of organisms is called a __________.
The process by which individuals that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce is known as __________.
The process by which individuals that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce is known as __________.
Referring to natural selection, this theory was first proposed by which scientist?
Referring to natural selection, this theory was first proposed by which scientist?
Structures that are reduced in size and no longer functional are called __________ structures.
Structures that are reduced in size and no longer functional are called __________ structures.
Structures seen in different species that are similar because of common ancestry are called __________ structures.
Structures seen in different species that are similar because of common ancestry are called __________ structures.
Structures seen in different species that are similar in function but not in structure and are not derived from a common ancestor are called __________ structures.
Structures seen in different species that are similar in function but not in structure and are not derived from a common ancestor are called __________ structures.
In cladistics, a feature that all members of a group share is called a __________.
In cladistics, a feature that all members of a group share is called a __________.
In cladistics, a feature that has evolved only within a particular group of organisms is called a __________.
In cladistics, a feature that has evolved only within a particular group of organisms is called a __________.
What term is used to describe a group of organisms that includes a single ancestor plus all of its descendants?
What term is used to describe a group of organisms that includes a single ancestor plus all of its descendants?
List the seven levels of classification proposed by Linnaeus in order from broadest to most specific.
List the seven levels of classification proposed by Linnaeus in order from broadest to most specific.
What is the name of the eighth classification level added by modern taxonomists?
What is the name of the eighth classification level added by modern taxonomists?
Who was the first person to attempt to classify the living organisms on Earth?
Who was the first person to attempt to classify the living organisms on Earth?
How is the classification process used by modern taxonomists different from the method used by Linnaeus?
How is the classification process used by modern taxonomists different from the method used by Linnaeus?
Why should the use of common names be avoided when classifying living organisms?
Why should the use of common names be avoided when classifying living organisms?
What is a molecular clock?
What is a molecular clock?
What is a 'shared derived character'?
What is a 'shared derived character'?
Flashcards
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
The science of classifying and naming organisms.
Phylogeny
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of an organism.
Kingdom
Kingdom
The broadest level of classification, encompassing all living things.
Species
Species
Signup and view all the flashcards
Phylum
Phylum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Division
Division
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Morphology
Morphology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature
Signup and view all the flashcards
Genus
Genus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Species name
Species name
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cladistics
Cladistics
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cladogram
Cladogram
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shared derived characters
Shared derived characters
Signup and view all the flashcards
Derived characters
Derived characters
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clade
Clade
Signup and view all the flashcards
Natural selection
Natural selection
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vestigial structures
Vestigial structures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Homologous structures
Homologous structures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Analogous structures
Analogous structures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Molecular clock
Molecular clock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Domain
Domain
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
- Taxonomy is the classification system of living organisms.
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of an organism.
Levels of Classification
- Kingdom represents the broadest division (e.g., plants and animals).
- Species is the most specific group of similar organisms.
- Phylum pertains to animal kingdom subdivisions, while division pertains to plant kingdom subdivisions.
Classification Pioneers
- Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern classification system.
- Organisms were classified by morphology (physical characteristics).
Naming System
- Binomial nomenclature involves a two-part naming system.
- The two parts consist of the genus and species names.
- Scientific names are always written in Latin.
Key Concepts in Evolution and Classification
- Phylogeny describes the evolutionary history, while taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming species.
- Cladistics is a classification system based on shared derived characters.
- A cladogram visually represents evolutionary histories among organisms.
Natural Selection and Evolutionary Structures
- Natural selection is the process where individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce.
- This theory was first proposed by Charles Darwin.
- Vestigial structures are reduced, non-functional anatomical parts.
- Homologous structures provide evidence of common ancestry; analogous structures serve similar functions but arise independently.
Cladistics Terminology
- Shared derived characters are features that all members of a specific group share.
- Derived characters evolved within a specific group.
- A clade includes an ancestor and all its descendants.
Classifications According to Linnaeus
- The seven levels of classification, in order from broadest to most specific, are: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
- Modern taxonomists introduced a new level, Domain, placed above Kingdom.
Historical Classification Attempts
- Aristotle was the first to classify living organisms, using a method that divided them into plants and animals and further into land, water, and air dwellers.
- Problems with this system included ambiguity, such as birds fitting multiple categories.
Modern Classification Methods
- Modern taxonomists use multiple evidence types for classification, compared to Linnaeus's focus on binomial nomenclature.
- Common names can lead to confusion and inconsistency, making universal scientific communication challenging.
Molecular Evolution
- A molecular clock compares protein similarities to estimate the divergence time of common ancestors.
- Shared derived characters highlight evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz focuses on the classification of living organisms, exploring key concepts such as taxonomy, phylogeny, kingdoms, and species. Understanding these foundational terms is essential for anyone studying zoology. Use these flashcards to reinforce your knowledge in the classification system.
