Carbo

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Questions and Answers

What is the general formula that represents carbohydrates?

Cx(H2O)y

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

  • Amino acids
  • Monosaccharides (correct)
  • Fatty acids
  • Nucleotides

What are the two classifications of carbohydrates based on their complexity?

Simple and Complex

Name the three types of complex carbohydrates.

<p>Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Homopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of monosaccharides with their number of carbon atoms.

<p>Trioses = 3 Tetroses = 4 Pentoses = 5 Hexoses = 6 Heptoses = 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pentose sugar?

<p>Ribose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucose?

<p>Main sugar of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fructose?

<p>Converted to Glucose and utilized by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of galactose?

<p>Synthesized in mammary gland to make the lactose of milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bond that connects monosaccharides?

<p>Glycosidic or glycosyl bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is only one type of glycosidic bond.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls?

<p>Cellulose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of glucose in animals?

<p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

<p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural polysaccharide found in crustacean shells and insect exoskeletons?

<p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

<p>Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis take place?

<p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of glycolysis?

<p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis requires oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway where fructose is converted to glucose?

<p>Sorbitol Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two enzymes responsible for the phosphorylation of fructose?

<p>Fructokinase and Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main disorders associated with fructose metabolism?

<p>Essential Fructosuria and Hereditary Fructose Intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the metabolic pathway where glucose is converted to sorbitol?

<p>Polyol Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of galactose to galactitol?

<p>Aldose Reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Galactose is an important component of milk and milk products.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disorder associated with galactose metabolism?

<p>Classic Galactosemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Classification of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are classified into simple and complex carbohydrates.

Glycolysis

The process of breaking down glucose to pyruvate or lactate.

TCA Cycle

A series of reactions that oxidize acetyl CoA to CO2, producing ATP.

Glycoside Bonds

Bonds joining monosaccharides, either O-glycosidic or N-glycosidic.

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Starch

Storage form of glucose in plants, a polymer of glucose units.

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Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in animals, a polymer of glucose units.

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Cellulose

Structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, a linear polymer of glucose.

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Chitin

Structural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.

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Fructose

A simple sugar found in fruits and some sweeteners.

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Galactose

A simple sugar obtained from lactose and in glycoproteins, glycolipids.

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Alcohol Metabolism

The breakdown of alcohol in the liver, converts alcohol into acetate.

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