Intro to Psych Exam 2

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Questions and Answers

What are the four goals of psychology?

Describe, explain, predict, and change

What is the purpose of psychological research?

To reasonably predict what circumstances generate specific outcomes and then being able to arrange the environment to satisfy the goal of increasing poistive outcomes and decreasing negative outcomes

What are the ethicial guidelines to research?

Consent, voluntary participation, avoidance of deception and if used to inform participants, avoid both physical and emotional risk, and protect confidentiality

What are the three methods of psychological research?

Descriptive, experimental, correlational Signup and view all the answers

Name the Pros and Cons to descriptive research

Pros: cost effective, alot of data can be collected quickly, real-world setting Cons: No cause and effect Signup and view all the answers

Name the Pros and Cons of Experimental research

Pros: Can show cause and effect due to manipulation of variables Cons: Doesn't take place in real-world setting, increased possibility of experimenter bias Signup and view all the answers

Name the Pros and Cons of correlational research

Pros: Takes place in real-world setting without manipulation, shows strong relationship in terms to one variable can impact another Cons: No cause and effect Signup and view all the answers

Name the 4 types of Bias

Response, Participant, Sample, Experimenter Signup and view all the answers

What is response bias?

The person answers the questions in a way that she thinks the interviewer wants to hear or that will make her look better Signup and view all the answers

What is sample bias?

Small population used to represent whole population Signup and view all the answers

What is participant bias?

Anything that negatively impacts the participants psychological state during a study and impacts results Signup and view all the answers

What is experimenter bias?

Person conducting research reads the data to support their hypothesis when it doesn't Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Personality?

A relatively consistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions Signup and view all the answers

Character?

Refers to the morals, ethics, values, and integrity of a person Signup and view all the answers

Temperament?

Refers to a person's general disposition and his/her typical emotional and behavioral response to situations Signup and view all the answers

Trait?

A relatively consistent characteristic that describes a pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving Signup and view all the answers

What are the critisims of Freud's Theories?

Considered to be sexist and derogatory towards women, focused too much on sexuality, emphasized unconscious forces, and didn't test for validity with research Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to be able to distinguish between the three personality structures?

In order to evaulate which part of the personality is dominant and to then treat appropriately to be able to gain results Signup and view all the answers

What are the three personality structures?

ID: completely unconscious EGO: partly conscious SUPEREGO: conscious Signup and view all the answers

What personality structure is immature and impulsive and also falls under the pleasure principle?

ID Signup and view all the answers

What personality structure has pratical problem solving and is where the defense mechanisms accumulate?

EGO Signup and view all the answers

What is the reality principle?

Coping with the moment to solve a problem and get needs met appropriately Signup and view all the answers

What personality structure is the center of one's sense of morality and one's internalized ideals and standards of judgement?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

What personality structure deals with guilt?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between normal/healthy guilt and neurotic guilt?

Normal/healthy guilt is when we do something that harms someone and we feel guilty while neurotic guilt is when we feel guilty over something that we shouldn't feel guilty about, this usually leads to depression and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What are Freud's five Psychosexual Stages?

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency Period, and Genital Period Signup and view all the answers

What does OCEAN stand for in the 5 factor model?

Openess, Consciousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

What theorist is responsible for the Humanistic Theory?

Carl Rogers Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Four Goals of Psychology

Describe, explain, predict, and change behavior and mental processes.

Purpose of Psychological Research

To predict outcomes and arrange the environment to increase positive outcomes and decrease negative ones.

Ethical Guidelines in Research

Consent, voluntary participation, avoiding deception (or informing participants afterward), minimizing risks, and protecting confidentiality.