Research Methods and Ethics Quiz

Research Methods: The Starting Point and Ethics

• Research begins with a question that must be refined to give a clear direction for answering it.

• There are different levels of constraint in research, including experimental, differential, correlational, case-study, and naturalistic observation methods.

• Experimental research allows the researcher to manipulate a variable and observe its impact on another variable to determine a cause.

• Variables in experimental research include independent, dependent, and constant variables.

• Groups in experimental research include experimental and control groups, with the latter being similar to the former but not receiving the special treatment.

• There are two types of independent variables: manipulated and non-manipulated (classification variables).

• Confounding or extraneous variables are those other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable and need to be controlled through constant variables.

• Random assignment helps control extraneous variables, and the double-blind procedure minimizes experimenter bias.

• Correlational research determines the link or association between two variables, but cannot determine causation.

• Surveys, case studies, and naturalistic observations are other methods of research, each with its advantages and limitations.

• A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, while a theory is a well-substantiated, unifying explanation for a set of verified, proven factors.

• Research must follow ethical guidelines for human and animal research, including informed consent, minimizing harm, and representing diverse populations. Committees evaluate and approve or deny research proposals.Considerations for Animal Care and Disposal Research

• Research begins with questions that arise from various sources.

• Most questions require refinement before being answered through research.

• Research questions involve the assumed relationship between variables.

• Animal care and disposal research requires ethical considerations.

• Ethical considerations involve the responsibility to ensure that animal welfare is prioritized.

• Researchers must ensure that the animals are treated humanely throughout the research process.

• The disposal of animals used in research must also be done in an ethical and responsible manner.

• Researchers must follow guidelines and regulations set by governing bodies to ensure ethical research practices.

• Ethical considerations also involve the potential impact of the research on the environment.

• Researchers must consider the potential benefits and risks of animal care and disposal research.

• Collaboration between researchers, animal welfare organizations, and regulatory bodies is essential for ethical animal care and disposal research.

• Consistent monitoring and evaluation of animal care and disposal research practices are necessary to ensure ethical standards are being met.

Research Methods: The Starting Point and Ethics

• Research begins with a question that must be refined to give a clear direction for answering it.

• There are different levels of constraint in research, including experimental, differential, correlational, case-study, and naturalistic observation methods.

• Experimental research allows the researcher to manipulate a variable and observe its impact on another variable to determine a cause.

• Variables in experimental research include independent, dependent, and constant variables.

• Groups in experimental research include experimental and control groups, with the latter being similar to the former but not receiving the special treatment.

• There are two types of independent variables: manipulated and non-manipulated (classification variables).

• Confounding or extraneous variables are those other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable and need to be controlled through constant variables.

• Random assignment helps control extraneous variables, and the double-blind procedure minimizes experimenter bias.

• Correlational research determines the link or association between two variables, but cannot determine causation.

• Surveys, case studies, and naturalistic observations are other methods of research, each with its advantages and limitations.

• A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, while a theory is a well-substantiated, unifying explanation for a set of verified, proven factors.

• Research must follow ethical guidelines for human and animal research, including informed consent, minimizing harm, and representing diverse populations. Committees evaluate and approve or deny research proposals.Considerations for Animal Care and Disposal Research

• Research begins with questions that arise from various sources.

• Most questions require refinement before being answered through research.

• Research questions involve the assumed relationship between variables.

• Animal care and disposal research requires ethical considerations.

• Ethical considerations involve the responsibility to ensure that animal welfare is prioritized.

• Researchers must ensure that the animals are treated humanely throughout the research process.

• The disposal of animals used in research must also be done in an ethical and responsible manner.

• Researchers must follow guidelines and regulations set by governing bodies to ensure ethical research practices.

• Ethical considerations also involve the potential impact of the research on the environment.

• Researchers must consider the potential benefits and risks of animal care and disposal research.

• Collaboration between researchers, animal welfare organizations, and regulatory bodies is essential for ethical animal care and disposal research.

• Consistent monitoring and evaluation of animal care and disposal research practices are necessary to ensure ethical standards are being met.

Research Methods and Ethics in Psychology

• Research begins with asking and refining questions to give clear direction for answering it.

• There are five levels of constraint in research: experimental, differential, correlational, case-study, and naturalistic observation.

• Experimental research involves manipulating a variable under controlled conditions to observe changes in a second variable and determine cause-and-effect relationships.

• Variables in experimental research include independent, dependent, and constant variables, and groups can be experimental or control.

• Manipulated and non-manipulated variables are two types of independent variables, and confounding/extraneous variables are any variables other than the independent variable that influence the dependent variable.

• Constants are variables that are prevented from varying to ensure they do not affect the outcome of the study, and random assignment helps control for extraneous variables.

• Correlational methods determine the link or association between two variables, but cannot establish causation.

• Surveys are used to obtain information on aspects of behavior that are difficult to observe directly, but rely on self-report data which can be unreliable.

• Case studies involve in-depth investigation of an individual subject, but are highly subjective and require intervention on the part of the researcher to structure the observation.

• Naturalistic observation involves careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subject in a real-world setting, but can be difficult to make observations unobtrusively.

• Replication, sampling bias, placebo effects, distortions in self-report data, and experimenter bias are all potential flaws in research that must be evaluated.

• Ethical guidelines for human research focus on protecting the rights of participants and require informed consent, while ethical guidelines for animal research require proper care and minimizing pain, and must be reviewed by Laboratory Animal Care Committees.Overview of Research and Ethics in Animal Care and Disposal

• Research in animal care and disposal involves asking questions and refining them before conducting research.

• Questions can come from various sources and require a clear understanding of the relationship between variables.

• The research involves caring for and disposing of animals, and ethical considerations must be taken into account.

• Ethical considerations in animal research include minimizing animal harm, ensuring animal welfare, and obtaining informed consent.

• Researchers must obtain approval from an ethics committee before conducting research involving animals.

• The ethics committee ensures that animal welfare and scientific rigor are maintained in research.

• Animal disposal methods should be humane and follow ethical guidelines.

• Research on animal care and disposal helps improve animal welfare, public health, and environmental safety.

• The research may involve developing new methods for animal care, disease prevention, and waste management.

• Animal welfare laws and regulations govern the use of animals in research and require compliance with ethical guidelines.

• Researchers must follow ethical guidelines to ensure that animal research is conducted humanely and safely.

• Ethical considerations in animal research and disposal help ensure that animals are treated with respect and dignity.

Research Methods and Ethics in Psychology

• Research begins with asking and refining questions to give clear direction for answering it.

• There are five levels of constraint in research: experimental, differential, correlational, case-study, and naturalistic observation.

• Experimental research involves manipulating a variable under controlled conditions to observe changes in a second variable and determine cause-and-effect relationships.

• Variables in experimental research include independent, dependent, and constant variables, and groups can be experimental or control.

• Manipulated and non-manipulated variables are two types of independent variables, and confounding/extraneous variables are any variables other than the independent variable that influence the dependent variable.

• Constants are variables that are prevented from varying to ensure they do not affect the outcome of the study, and random assignment helps control for extraneous variables.

• Correlational methods determine the link or association between two variables, but cannot establish causation.

• Surveys are used to obtain information on aspects of behavior that are difficult to observe directly, but rely on self-report data which can be unreliable.

• Case studies involve in-depth investigation of an individual subject, but are highly subjective and require intervention on the part of the researcher to structure the observation.

• Naturalistic observation involves careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subject in a real-world setting, but can be difficult to make observations unobtrusively.

• Replication, sampling bias, placebo effects, distortions in self-report data, and experimenter bias are all potential flaws in research that must be evaluated.

• Ethical guidelines for human research focus on protecting the rights of participants and require informed consent, while ethical guidelines for animal research require proper care and minimizing pain, and must be reviewed by Laboratory Animal Care Committees.Overview of Research and Ethics in Animal Care and Disposal

• Research in animal care and disposal involves asking questions and refining them before conducting research.

• Questions can come from various sources and require a clear understanding of the relationship between variables.

• The research involves caring for and disposing of animals, and ethical considerations must be taken into account.

• Ethical considerations in animal research include minimizing animal harm, ensuring animal welfare, and obtaining informed consent.

• Researchers must obtain approval from an ethics committee before conducting research involving animals.

• The ethics committee ensures that animal welfare and scientific rigor are maintained in research.

• Animal disposal methods should be humane and follow ethical guidelines.

• Research on animal care and disposal helps improve animal welfare, public health, and environmental safety.

• The research may involve developing new methods for animal care, disease prevention, and waste management.

• Animal welfare laws and regulations govern the use of animals in research and require compliance with ethical guidelines.

• Researchers must follow ethical guidelines to ensure that animal research is conducted humanely and safely.

• Ethical considerations in animal research and disposal help ensure that animals are treated with respect and dignity.