Year 9 Computing Mid-Term: Hardware & Software Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of desktop computers?

Lightweight and touchscreen-based

Highly portable with moderate performance

High performance but less portable (correct)

Primarily used for media consumption

Which type of computer is specifically designed for complex calculations and simulations?

Laptop

Supercomputer (correct)

Server

Tablet

What type of user interface primarily involves interaction through icons and menus?

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Voice User Interface (VUI)

Text-Based Input Interface

Graphical User Interface (GUI) (correct)

What is a primary use case for laptops?

Education and business trips Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tablets?

High performance for complex tasks Signup and view all the answers

What role do servers play in a network?

Manage network resources and services Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system is an example of a popular CLI?

Linux Signup and view all the answers

Which type of user interface allows interaction using spoken commands?

Voice User Interface (VUI) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of strong passwords?

At least 10 characters long Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with password reuse?

Compromised passwords can lead to multiple account breaches. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a password manager?

To store and manage unique passwords securely. Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is commonly associated with social engineering?

Phishing emails Signup and view all the answers

What form of phishing targets specific individuals using personalized details?

Spear phishing Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of using public Wi-Fi networks?

Exposure to data interception Signup and view all the answers

What is one way a VPN protects user data?

By encrypting data between devices Signup and view all the answers

Which technology provides extremely fast speeds and low latency but struggles with obstacles?

5G mmWave Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of phishing?

Interspecting Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is specifically designed for precise location tracking and fast data transfer?

UWB Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a router in a networking environment?

To connect different networks and provide internet access Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about 4G technology is true?

It is used for mobile browsing, streaming, and app usage. Signup and view all the answers

Which device connects devices in a network by directing data only to the intended recipient?

Switch Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does 5G Sub-6 GHz technology have over standard 4G technology?

Wider coverage with similar speeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of NFC technology?

Secure data exchange through contactless payments Signup and view all the answers

What role does a NIC play in a networking setup?

To enable a device to connect to a network Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a bridge in networking?

To connect two separate networks as a single network Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about switches is correct?

They direct data only to the intended recipient device. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Network Interface Card (NIC) from other network devices?

It provides a unique MAC address for identification. Signup and view all the answers

Which wireless technology is best suited for transferring small amounts of data over a short range?

Bluetooth Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is primarily used for secure data exchange at very short ranges?

NFC Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using a hub in a network?

It broadcasts data to all devices, regardless of the recipient. Signup and view all the answers

In what context is RFID technology commonly used?

For tracking inventory and toll payments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Wi-Fi technology?

It offers longer range connectivity than Bluetooth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

To add an extra layer of security Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves pretending to be someone else to gain trust?

Impersonation Signup and view all the answers

What precaution can you take to ensure that your data is encrypted while browsing?

Look for 'HTTPS' in website URLs Signup and view all the answers

How can one protect themselves when using public Wi-Fi?

Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for protecting personal data online?

Using easily memorable passwords Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phishing in social engineering?

To steal sensitive data using fake communication Signup and view all the answers

What should you be cautious of when dealing with unknown emails or messages?

They can be phishing scams attempting to steal your information Signup and view all the answers

Why should passwords be long and complex?

To reduce the chance of being guessed by attackers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antivirus software?

To protect against viruses and malware Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to limit the personal information you share online?

To reduce the potential for identity theft or privacy invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a password manager?

To create and manage strong passwords Signup and view all the answers

What does the tag signify in an HTML document?

The document is using the latest version of HTML Signup and view all the answers

Which section of an HTML document contains metadata like the title?

Head Signup and view all the answers

Which HTML tag is used to create the largest heading on a webpage?

<h1> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the
tag in HTML?

To create an unordered list Signup and view all the answers

When should you use the
tag instead of the
tag?

When creating a list with numbers in a specific order Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Year 9 Computing Mid-Term Revision: Hardware and Software Basics

Internal Hardware: Components inside a computer, including the CPU, GPU, RAM, ROM, and motherboard.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The main processor handling calculations, logic, and controlling most computer tasks.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): A specialized processor for rendering images, videos, and animations.
External Hardware: Components connected to the computer, such as keyboard, mouse, printer, speakers, microphone, headphones, and monitor.

Hardware Examples

Internal: CPU, RAM, HDD (Hard Disk Drive), ROM, GPU, Motherboard
External: Mouse, Printer, Monitor, Keyboard, Microphone, Speakers, Headphones

Software

System Software: Manages hardware and provides a platform for application software. Examples include operating systems (Windows, macOS), device drivers, utilities (compilers, backup, compression).
Application Software: Designed for end-users to perform specific tasks. Examples include word processors, web browsers, spreadsheets, presentation software, image editing software, video editing software, and database management software.

Types of Computers

Desktop Computers: High performance, less portable.
Laptops: Portable, moderate power.
Tablets: Lightweight, touchscreen, primarily for media consumption and light tasks
Supercomputers: High computing power, very expensive, used for complex calculations, simulations, data processing
Servers: Manage network resources, provide services to other computers.

Operating Systems (OS)

OS (Operating System): Provides an interface between hardware and users, managing applications and resources. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

User Interfaces (UI)

GUI (Graphical User Interface): Interaction through icons, buttons, and menus (e.g., Windows, macOS, iOS).
CLI (Command Line Interface): Text-based interface, used by experts (e.g., Linux).
VUI (Voice User Interface): Users interact using spoken commands (e.g., Amazon Alexa, Siri).
Gesture-Based Interface: Interaction using physical gestures (e.g., gaming consoles).

Networking Concepts

IP Address: Unique number identifying a device on a network (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
Domain Name: Human-friendly name for websites (e.g., google.com).
DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.
LAN (Local Area Network): Covers small areas (e.g., home, office). Connects devices close together, high-speed data transfer.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs (e.g., internet).
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): Uses wireless technology (e.g., Wi-Fi).

Network Devices

Router: Connects networks (e.g., home network to internet), directs data packets, often provides Wi-Fi.
Modem: Converts digital data to a format suitable for transmission over connections (e.g., telephone lines, cable), often works alongside a router for internet access.

Other Technologies

Bridge: Connects two separate networks into a single network.
Hub: Basic network device, broadcasts data to all connected devices, less intelligent than switches.
Switch: Connects multiple devices in a LAN, directs data only to the intended recipient.
NIC (Network Interface Card): Hardware component that allows devices to connect to a network.
Bluetooth: Short-range wireless technology for connecting devices (e.g., headphones, keyboards, phones).
Wi-Fi: Wireless networking technology used to connect devices to the internet.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Uses radio waves to identify and track tags on objects, typically used in inventory, security, toll payments.
NFC (Near-Field Communication): Short-range type of RFID that works for secure data exchange.
UWB (Ultra-Wideband): Precise location tracking and high-speed data transfer over short distances.
4G: Fourth-generation mobile network technology, higher internet speeds on mobile devices.
5G: Fifth-generation mobile network technology, very fast speeds and low latency.

Cybersecurity

Weak Passwords: Simple, easily guessed.
Strong Passwords: Complex, including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
Password Reuse Risk: If one site is breached, attackers can access multiple accounts.
Password Managers: Securely store, manage, and generate strong passwords.
Social Engineering: Psychological manipulation to trick into divulging confidential information.
Phishing: A form of social engineering using impersonation of trusted entities to steal data (e.g., email, voice, text messages).
Protection Measures: Use strong passwords, enable MFA, watch HTTPS, avoid public Wi-Fi, use VPN, keep software updated, and be cautious of clicking unknown links.

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Tags: Elements used to create content (e.g., heading, paragraph, image).
HTML Structure: <!DOCTYPE html>, <html>, <head>; <title>, <body>
Elements: <h1> (largest heading),  (paragraph), <ul> (unordered list), <ol> (ordered list), <li> (list item), <img> (image).

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Description

Revise key concepts of hardware and software in this Year 9 Computing mid-term quiz. Study essential components like CPU, GPU, and the differences between system and application software. Test your understanding of internal and external hardware components.