16 Questions
What is the Barnum Effect related to in psychology?
Assessing personality traits through general statements
In the nature vs nurture debate, what does 'nature' primarily refer to?
Biological factors inherited from parents
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Analyzing the processing of information in the mind
Which type of psychology involves testing measurement and assessment?
Psychometrics
What does the concept of heredity primarily involve?
Transmission of characteristics from biological parents
Which area of psychology studies social interactions, group behaviors, aggression, and attitudes?
Social cultural psychology
Which of the following is a key premise of the scientific method in psychology?
Empiricism and theory development
What is the purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
To make intangible concepts more concrete, countable, and observable
Which of the following is a key characteristic of a testable hypothesis in psychological research?
It must be stated in a way that allows it to be empirically tested and observed
What is the primary focus of the scientific method in psychology?
Collecting and analyzing empirical data through systematic observation and experimentation
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the biopsychosocial approach in psychology?
It recognizes that biology, psychology, and social factors combine to influence and explain human behavior
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific approach in psychology?
It involves the systematic collection and analysis of empirical data
What is the primary purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
To make intangible concepts more concrete, countable, and observable
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
Formulation of testable hypotheses and systematic data collection
What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach in psychology?
Examining how individuals store, process, and use information
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
Systematic collection and analysis of empirical data through observation and experimentation
Study Notes
History of Psychology
- Socrates and Plato examined one's own thoughts and feelings
- Aristotle believed that knowledge grows from experiences stored in our memories
- Francis Bacon developed the scientific method in the 1500s
- Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener developed structuralism, breaking down conscious experiences into objective sensations and subjective feelings
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in 1879 and is considered the father of psychology
Theoretical Approaches
- Gesalt approach: looks at the whole human and behaviour mind
- William James: founder of functionalism, studying the structure and function of each part of society, and how our minds adapt to the environment
- Sigmund Freud: founded psychoanalysis, studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders
- Ivan Pavlov: classical conditioning, learning through environmental and occurring stimuli
- John Watson: introduced behaviourism, studying only observable behaviour
- BF Skinner: operant conditioning, studying automatic reactions
- Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers: humanism, focusing on human potential and achievements
- Uric Neisser: founded cognitive psychology, studying mental processes
Modern Approaches to Psychology
- Biological: focuses on the body and nervous system, and how they interact with the environment
- Cognitive: examines how we store, process, and use information
- Behavioural/Learning: studies how organisms learn new behaviours or understand the learning process
- Psychoanalytic/Dynamic: childhood experiences greatly influence personality traits
- Humanistic: focuses on individual potential and importance of human identity
- Cross-Cultural/Sociocultural: influence of cultural/ethnic beliefs
- Evolutionary: adaptation and natural selection explain human behaviours and mental processes
- Biopsychosocial: combines biology, psychology, and social factors to explain behaviour
The Science of Psychology
- Based on empiricism (acquiring information through observation) and theory development (collecting interrelated ideas and observations)
- Testable hypotheses: state a question, offer a theory, and experiment to test and collect observations
- Operational definitions: make intangible concepts more concrete, countable, and observable
Pseudopsychology
- Palmistry, graphology, and astrology: not based on scientific testing, but reveal personality traits
Nature vs Nurture
- Debate whether personality is from biological parents or influenced by surroundings
- Aristotle: proposed the mind is a blank slate
- John Locke: knowledge acquired from information gathered from the senses
- Jerome Kagan: emotion is a psychological phenomenon controlled by brain states
- Heredity: transmission of characteristics from biological parents
- Environment: refers to all experiences, objects, and events to which we are exposed throughout our lifetime
Types of Psychology
- Examples of career fields: Clinical, Educational, Behavioural, Cognitive, Counselling, Neuropsychology, Health
- Knowledge of research areas: Clinical and Counselling, Social Cultural, Developmental, Experimental, Biological, Cognitive, Psychometrics, Industrial/Organizational
Prepare for your Year 10 Psychology Unit 1 test by revising key concepts such as the history of psychology. Learn about influential figures like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Wilhelm Wundt, and Edward Titchener.
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