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Questions and Answers
What is the Barnum Effect related to in psychology?
What is the Barnum Effect related to in psychology?
In the nature vs nurture debate, what does 'nature' primarily refer to?
In the nature vs nurture debate, what does 'nature' primarily refer to?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Which type of psychology involves testing measurement and assessment?
Which type of psychology involves testing measurement and assessment?
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What does the concept of heredity primarily involve?
What does the concept of heredity primarily involve?
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Which area of psychology studies social interactions, group behaviors, aggression, and attitudes?
Which area of psychology studies social interactions, group behaviors, aggression, and attitudes?
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Which of the following is a key premise of the scientific method in psychology?
Which of the following is a key premise of the scientific method in psychology?
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What is the purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
What is the purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of a testable hypothesis in psychological research?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of a testable hypothesis in psychological research?
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What is the primary focus of the scientific method in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the scientific method in psychology?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of the biopsychosocial approach in psychology?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the biopsychosocial approach in psychology?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific approach in psychology?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific approach in psychology?
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What is the primary purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
What is the primary purpose of using operational definitions in psychological research?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
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What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach in psychology?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the scientific method in psychology?
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Study Notes
History of Psychology
- Socrates and Plato examined one's own thoughts and feelings
- Aristotle believed that knowledge grows from experiences stored in our memories
- Francis Bacon developed the scientific method in the 1500s
- Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener developed structuralism, breaking down conscious experiences into objective sensations and subjective feelings
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in 1879 and is considered the father of psychology
Theoretical Approaches
- Gesalt approach: looks at the whole human and behaviour mind
- William James: founder of functionalism, studying the structure and function of each part of society, and how our minds adapt to the environment
- Sigmund Freud: founded psychoanalysis, studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders
- Ivan Pavlov: classical conditioning, learning through environmental and occurring stimuli
- John Watson: introduced behaviourism, studying only observable behaviour
- BF Skinner: operant conditioning, studying automatic reactions
- Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers: humanism, focusing on human potential and achievements
- Uric Neisser: founded cognitive psychology, studying mental processes
Modern Approaches to Psychology
- Biological: focuses on the body and nervous system, and how they interact with the environment
- Cognitive: examines how we store, process, and use information
- Behavioural/Learning: studies how organisms learn new behaviours or understand the learning process
- Psychoanalytic/Dynamic: childhood experiences greatly influence personality traits
- Humanistic: focuses on individual potential and importance of human identity
- Cross-Cultural/Sociocultural: influence of cultural/ethnic beliefs
- Evolutionary: adaptation and natural selection explain human behaviours and mental processes
- Biopsychosocial: combines biology, psychology, and social factors to explain behaviour
The Science of Psychology
- Based on empiricism (acquiring information through observation) and theory development (collecting interrelated ideas and observations)
- Testable hypotheses: state a question, offer a theory, and experiment to test and collect observations
- Operational definitions: make intangible concepts more concrete, countable, and observable
Pseudopsychology
- Palmistry, graphology, and astrology: not based on scientific testing, but reveal personality traits
Nature vs Nurture
- Debate whether personality is from biological parents or influenced by surroundings
- Aristotle: proposed the mind is a blank slate
- John Locke: knowledge acquired from information gathered from the senses
- Jerome Kagan: emotion is a psychological phenomenon controlled by brain states
- Heredity: transmission of characteristics from biological parents
- Environment: refers to all experiences, objects, and events to which we are exposed throughout our lifetime
Types of Psychology
- Examples of career fields: Clinical, Educational, Behavioural, Cognitive, Counselling, Neuropsychology, Health
- Knowledge of research areas: Clinical and Counselling, Social Cultural, Developmental, Experimental, Biological, Cognitive, Psychometrics, Industrial/Organizational
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Description
Prepare for your Year 10 Psychology Unit 1 test by revising key concepts such as the history of psychology. Learn about influential figures like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Wilhelm Wundt, and Edward Titchener.
