16 Questions
Which psychology perspective focuses on the study of physical and chemical changes that influence behavior?
Biological psychology
Which type of psychology involves the study of social interactions, group behaviors, aggression, attitudes, and their effects on people?
Social cultural psychology
What does heredity involve in terms of characteristics transmission?
Transmission from biological parents
Which psychology type deals with processing, storing, and retrieving information?
Cognitive psychology
What does the Barnum Effect refer to?
Considering personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms
Which type of psychology would be most interested in examining the relationship between people and their work environments?
Industrial/organizational psychology
Which psychologist is considered the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
Which psychological approach focuses on the body, brain, and nervous system, and how they interact with the environment?
Biological psychology
Which psychologist is credited with developing the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Which psychological approach focuses on human potential and the importance of human identity?
Humanistic psychology
Which psychologist is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Which psychological approach focuses on how we store, process, and use information?
Cognitive psychology
Which psychologist is credited with developing the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Which psychological approach focuses on how childhood experiences influence the development of personality traits?
Psychoanalytic psychology
Which psychologist is considered the founder of functionalism?
William James
Which psychological approach focuses on the influence of cultural and ethnic beliefs on behavior?
Cross-cultural/sociocultural psychology
Study Notes
Pseudopsychology
- Examples of pseudopsychology include palmistry, graphology, and astrology, which claim to reveal personality traits but lack scientific testing
- The Barnum Effect refers to the tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms
Nature vs. Nurture Debate
- The debate concerns whether our personality is due to genetics (biological parents) or environment (surroundings)
- Aristotle proposed the mind as a blank slate
- John Locke believed knowledge is acquired from information gathered from the senses
- Jerome Kagan stated that emotion is a psychological phenomenon controlled by brain states
Heredity and Environment
- Heredity involves the transmission of characteristics from biological parents
- Genes influence physical development
- Environment refers to all experiences, objects, and events throughout one's lifetime
- Twin studies have found genetic influence on multiple personality traits
- Genes combine with the environment to produce complex human traits
Types of Psychology
- Clinical psychology: assessment and treatment of people
- Educational psychology: learning and educational processes
- Behavioral psychology: study of behavioral changes
- Cognitive psychology: study of processing, storing, and retrieving information
- Neuropsychology: study of brain and nervous system
- Health psychology: study of mental and physical health
- Social and cultural psychology: study of social interactions and group behaviors
- Developmental psychology: study of changes throughout life
- Experimental psychology: scientific methods to perform research
- Biological psychology: physical and chemical changes influencing behavior
- Psychometrics: testing, measurement, and assessment
- Industrial/Organizational psychology: study of people and work environments
History of Psychology
- Socrates and Plato: examined thoughts and feelings
- Aristotle: knowledge grows from experiences stored in memories
- Francis Bacon: developed the scientific method in the 1500s
- Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener: developed structuralism
- Gesalt approach: studying the mind as a whole
- William James: founded functionalism, studying adaptation to the environment
- Sigmund Freud: founded psychoanalysis
- Ivan Pavlov: classical conditioning
- John Watson and B.F. Skinner: behaviourism and operant conditioning
- Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers: humanism
- Uric Neisser: cognitive psychology
Approaches to Psychology
- Biological psychology: focuses on the brain and nervous system
- Cognitive psychology: examines information processing
- Behavioral psychology: studies learning and behaviors
- Psychoanalytic/Dynamic psychology: emphasizes childhood experiences
- Humanistic psychology: focuses on individual potential
- Cross-cultural/Sociocultural psychology: studies cultural influences
- Evolutionary psychology: explains human behaviors through adaptation and natural selection
- Biopsychosocial approach: combines biology, psychology, and social factors
The Science of Psychology
- Empiricism: acquiring information through observation
- Theory development: collecting interrelated ideas and observations
- Testable hypotheses: stating a question, offering a theory, and experimenting to test the hypothesis
- Operational definitions: making intangible concepts concrete, countable, and observable
Prepare for your Year 10 Psychology Unit 1 test with this revision checklist focusing on the history of psychology. Learn about key figures like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Wilhelm Wundt, and Edward Titchener, as well as important concepts such as examining thoughts and feelings, the scientific method, and structuralism.
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