Year 1 CMS: Respiratory Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What symptom is associated with Acute Epiglottis that should be carefully monitored?

  • Unilateral erythematous tonsil
  • Dysphonia (correct)
  • Nasal congestion
  • Severely tender lymph nodes

    • What clinical finding is indicative of Peritonsilar Abscess?

  • Neck rigidity
  • Fetor breath
  • Pooling of saliva
  • Uvular deviation to the contralateral side (correct)

    • Which symptom is commonly associated with Retropharyngeal Abscess?

  • Nasal bleeding
  • Ear pain
  • Abdominal pain
  • Drooling (correct)

    • What is a classic sign of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

    <p>Enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires avoiding the use of a tongue depressor during examination?

    <p>Acute Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Acute Epiglottis?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination finding would you expect in a patient with a Peritonsilar Abscess?

    <p>Unilateral enlarged tonsil with exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potentially serious complication of untreated Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

    <p>Retropharyngeal Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical physical exam finding for appendicitis?

    <p>Rebound tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by palatine petechiae?

    <p>Mononucleosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of otitis externa, which test typically shows BC > AC?

    <p>Rinne Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with septic arthritis?

    <p>Warmth over the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is indicative of otitis media during an ear exam?

    <p>Cloudy tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is most likely to present with symmetrical pain and stiffness?

    <p>Rheumatoid Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with the common cold?

    <p>Palatine petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding would raise suspicion for radiculopathy in L5?

    <p>Foot drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is indicative of gout?

    <p>Tophi on pre patella bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in a patient with a bowel obstruction?

    <p>Distention of the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with diverticulitis?

    <p>Lower abdominal pain with rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Unintentional weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by tenderness and guarding on palpation?

    <p>Ovarian torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark symptom of Crohn's disease?

    <p>Bloating and cramping on palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is relevant in diagnosing cholecystitis?

    <p>Murphy’s sign positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with gastritis?

    <p>Belching and dyspepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of ovary-related issues during pregnancy?

    <p>Pelvic adnexal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is specific to bowel obstruction?

    <p>History of abdominal distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of ischemic pain in the mesentery?

    <p>Postprandial pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly seen in patients with peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Upper abdominal discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Celiac Disease related to digestion?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Gum disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Myocardial Infarction, what vital sign may significantly change?

    <p>Elevated heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT an expected finding in Pulmonary Embolism?

    <p>Normal blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is commonly associated with the examination findings of Aortic Dissection?

    <p>Asymmetric pulses in upper extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might indicate Peripheral Vascular Disease?

    <p>Coolness of limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Deep Vein Thrombosis?

    <p>Calf swelling greater than 3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is specifically associated with Myocarditis?

    <p>Presence of S3 heart sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key dermatological symptom in cases of Celiac Disease?

    <p>Dermatitis herpetiformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates pooling of saliva in a patient with Acute Epiglottis?

    <p>Drooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding is significant in diagnosing a Peritonsilar Abscess?

    <p>Uvular deviation to the contralateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is indicative of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?

    <p>Neck stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical presentation would most likely differentiate Acute Epiglottis from Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

    <p>Drooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding suggests a need to avoid a tongue depressor?

    <p>Acute Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

    <p>Edema and erythema of tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with Fever and Dysphonia, what condition should be suspected?

    <p>Acute Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical exam finding is likely in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?

    <p>Asymmetrical uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination finding is characteristic of otitis externa?

    <p>Erythematous, inflamed ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely to be present during an examination for appendicitis?

    <p>Rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with morning stiffness and is often symmetrical in presentation?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding on the Rinne test is indicative of conductive hearing loss?

    <p>BC &gt; AC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical examination finding in a patient presenting with influenza?

    <p>Fever and sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormal finding is typically associated with otitis media during an ear exam?

    <p>Cloudy tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can be indicative of radiculopathy at the S1 level?

    <p>Weak plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would most likely be present in a case of septic arthritis?

    <p>Warmth and erythema in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding would you suspect in a patient with a bowel obstruction?

    <p>Hyperactive bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key finding is associated with osteoarthritis during a physical exam?

    <p>Crepitus on movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic symptom of ovarian torsion?

    <p>Severe unilateral pain, usually right-sided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Pain relieved by sitting forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with acute diverticulitis?

    <p>Lower abdominal pain with tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom best indicates mesenteric ischemia?

    <p>Postprandial pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical finding is characteristic of cholecystitis?

    <p>Right upper quadrant pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is commonly noted in patients with Crohn's disease?

    <p>Stomatitis (ulcers in the mouth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Belching and upper abdominal discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding would likely be present in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Pulsatile abdominal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical symptom characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Pain and bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of acute appendicitis?

    <p>Severe right lower quadrant tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common dermatological sign associated with Celiac Disease?

    <p>Herpetiformis dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Dental erosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign alteration would likely be observed in a patient with Myocardial Infarction?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is indicative of Pulmonary Embolism?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might suggest the presence of Aortic Dissection?

    <p>Chest pain described as tearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate the presence of Peripheral Vascular Disease?

    <p>Hair loss on limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common gastrointestinal complaint in patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity?

    <p>Bloating with pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dermatological symptom is often seen in Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Calluses on fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding is commonly observed in cases of Myocarditis?

    <p>Elevated JVP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a possible complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis?

    <p>Calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the other leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical symptom is NOT typically associated with a Peritonsilar Abscess?

    <p>Pooling of saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination finding is commonly associated with a Retropharyngeal Abscess?

    <p>Bulging of the posterior wall of the oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would most likely lead a clinician to suspect Acute Epiglottis?

    <p>Dysphonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom commonly differentiates Streptococcal Pharyngitis from other infections?

    <p>Edema and erythema of the tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is frequently absent in a patient with Retropharyngeal Abscess?

    <p>Drooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected physical finding in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?

    <p>Contralateral uvular deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis requiring caution during examination?

    <p>Acute Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with Acute Epiglottis?

    <p>Chronic cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain is most commonly associated with ovarian torsion?

    <p>Severe unilateral pain, usually right-sided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Severe mid-epigastric pain after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is indicative of cholecystitis?

    <p>Murphy's sign positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with diverticulitis?

    <p>Rigidity on palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by mid-epigastric pain relieved by sitting forward?

    <p>Chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Crohn's disease, which oral symptom may present?

    <p>Aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is prevalent in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Epigastric burning sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in patients with bowel obstruction?

    <p>Absence of bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)?

    <p>Bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical abdominal finding in patients with mesenteric ischemia?

    <p>Postprandial pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination finding is associated with otitis externa?

    <p>Erythematous, oedematous external ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of appendicitis?

    <p>Rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding on examination is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Palpable synovial thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common clinical finding in infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Palatine petechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of gout, which clinical finding might be observed?

    <p>Tophi on prepatellar bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of otitis media?

    <p>Bulging tympanic membrane with obscured bony landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presenting symptom of influenza?

    <p>Sore throat and nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by pain worsened with movement and joint locking?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate lumbar radiculopathy associated with S1 nerve root?

    <p>Weak plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark symptom of septic arthritis?

    <p>Erythema and warmth around the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Celiac Disease?

    <p>Bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark dermatological symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Pallor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options indicates a potential complication of Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Dental erosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding is indicative of Myocardial Infarction?

    <p>Third heart sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic sign of Deep Vein Thrombosis?

    <p>Calf swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is commonly associated with Pericarditis?

    <p>Muffled heart sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is typically seen in a patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding might suggest Aortic Dissection?

    <p>Asymmetric pulses in upper extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Pulmonary Embolism?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the symptoms indicative of Myocarditis?

    <p>Heart murmurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)

    • Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
    • Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
    • Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
    • Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
    • Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
    • Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
    • Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
    • Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.

    Hearing Loss/Otalgia

    • Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
    • Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
    • Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.

    Joint Pain

    • Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
    • Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
    • Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.

    Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy

    • L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
    • L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
    • S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.

    Abdominal Pain

    • Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
    • Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
    • Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
    • Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
    • Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
    • Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.

    Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain

    • GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
    • Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
    • Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
    • SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
    • Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
    • Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.

    These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.

    • Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.

    • Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.

    • Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.

    Cardiovascular Disease

    • Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).

    • Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.

    • Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.

    • Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).

    • Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.

    • Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

    • Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.

    Peripheral Vascular Disease

    • Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.

    • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.

    Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)

    • Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
    • Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
    • Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
    • Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
    • Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
    • Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
    • Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
    • Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.

    Hearing Loss/Otalgia

    • Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
    • Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
    • Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.

    Joint Pain

    • Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
    • Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
    • Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.

    Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy

    • L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
    • L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
    • S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.

    Abdominal Pain

    • Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
    • Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
    • Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
    • Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
    • Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
    • Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.

    Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain

    • GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
    • Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
    • Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
    • SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
    • Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
    • Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.

    These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.

    • Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.

    • Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.

    • Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.

    Cardiovascular Disease

    • Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).

    • Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.

    • Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.

    • Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).

    • Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.

    • Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

    • Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.

    Peripheral Vascular Disease

    • Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.

    • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.

    Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)

    • Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
    • Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
    • Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
    • Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
    • Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
    • Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
    • Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
    • Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.

    Hearing Loss/Otalgia

    • Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
    • Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
    • Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.

    Joint Pain

    • Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
    • Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
    • Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.

    Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy

    • L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
    • L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
    • S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.

    Abdominal Pain

    • Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
    • Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
    • Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
    • Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
    • Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
    • Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.

    Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain

    • GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
    • Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
    • Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
    • SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
    • Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
    • Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.

    These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.

    • Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.

    • Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.

    • Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.

    Cardiovascular Disease

    • Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).

    • Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.

    • Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.

    • Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).

    • Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.

    • Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

    • Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.

    Peripheral Vascular Disease

    • Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.

    • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.

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    Related Documents

    CMS Differentials PDF
    CMS Differentials PDF
    Year 1 CMS Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of respiratory tract infections, focusing on sore throat symptoms and red flag diagnoses. This quiz covers key indicators such as fever, dysphagia, and lymph node examination. Additionally, review oropharyngeal and nasal examination techniques relevant for Year 1 CMS students.

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