Podcast
Questions and Answers
What symptom is associated with Acute Epiglottis that should be carefully monitored?
What symptom is associated with Acute Epiglottis that should be carefully monitored?
- Unilateral erythematous tonsil
- Dysphonia (correct)
- Nasal congestion
- Severely tender lymph nodes
What clinical finding is indicative of Peritonsilar Abscess?
What clinical finding is indicative of Peritonsilar Abscess?
- Neck rigidity
- Fetor breath
- Pooling of saliva
- Uvular deviation to the contralateral side (correct)
Which symptom is commonly associated with Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Retropharyngeal Abscess?
- Nasal bleeding
- Ear pain
- Abdominal pain
- Drooling (correct)
What is a classic sign of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
What is a classic sign of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
Which condition requires avoiding the use of a tongue depressor during examination?
Which condition requires avoiding the use of a tongue depressor during examination?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Acute Epiglottis?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Acute Epiglottis?
What examination finding would you expect in a patient with a Peritonsilar Abscess?
What examination finding would you expect in a patient with a Peritonsilar Abscess?
What is a potentially serious complication of untreated Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
What is a potentially serious complication of untreated Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
What is the typical physical exam finding for appendicitis?
What is the typical physical exam finding for appendicitis?
Which condition is characterized by palatine petechiae?
Which condition is characterized by palatine petechiae?
In cases of otitis externa, which test typically shows BC > AC?
In cases of otitis externa, which test typically shows BC > AC?
Which symptom is commonly associated with septic arthritis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with septic arthritis?
What finding is indicative of otitis media during an ear exam?
What finding is indicative of otitis media during an ear exam?
Which type of arthritis is most likely to present with symmetrical pain and stiffness?
Which type of arthritis is most likely to present with symmetrical pain and stiffness?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with the common cold?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with the common cold?
Which examination finding would raise suspicion for radiculopathy in L5?
Which examination finding would raise suspicion for radiculopathy in L5?
Which sign is indicative of gout?
Which sign is indicative of gout?
What is a common finding in a patient with a bowel obstruction?
What is a common finding in a patient with a bowel obstruction?
What symptom is commonly associated with diverticulitis?
What symptom is commonly associated with diverticulitis?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of acute pancreatitis?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of acute pancreatitis?
Which condition is characterized by tenderness and guarding on palpation?
Which condition is characterized by tenderness and guarding on palpation?
What is a hallmark symptom of Crohn's disease?
What is a hallmark symptom of Crohn's disease?
Which symptom is relevant in diagnosing cholecystitis?
Which symptom is relevant in diagnosing cholecystitis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with gastritis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with gastritis?
What is a common sign of ovary-related issues during pregnancy?
What is a common sign of ovary-related issues during pregnancy?
Which of the following symptoms is specific to bowel obstruction?
Which of the following symptoms is specific to bowel obstruction?
What is a key characteristic of ischemic pain in the mesentery?
What is a key characteristic of ischemic pain in the mesentery?
Which symptom is commonly seen in patients with peptic ulcer disease?
Which symptom is commonly seen in patients with peptic ulcer disease?
What is a common symptom of Celiac Disease related to digestion?
What is a common symptom of Celiac Disease related to digestion?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
What symptom is characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa?
What symptom is characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa?
In the context of Myocardial Infarction, what vital sign may significantly change?
In the context of Myocardial Infarction, what vital sign may significantly change?
Which of these is NOT an expected finding in Pulmonary Embolism?
Which of these is NOT an expected finding in Pulmonary Embolism?
What feature is commonly associated with the examination findings of Aortic Dissection?
What feature is commonly associated with the examination findings of Aortic Dissection?
What symptom might indicate Peripheral Vascular Disease?
What symptom might indicate Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Which of the following is a symptom of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Which of the following is a symptom of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Which sign is specifically associated with Myocarditis?
Which sign is specifically associated with Myocarditis?
What is a key dermatological symptom in cases of Celiac Disease?
What is a key dermatological symptom in cases of Celiac Disease?
What symptom indicates pooling of saliva in a patient with Acute Epiglottis?
What symptom indicates pooling of saliva in a patient with Acute Epiglottis?
Which examination finding is significant in diagnosing a Peritonsilar Abscess?
Which examination finding is significant in diagnosing a Peritonsilar Abscess?
What symptom is indicative of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
What symptom is indicative of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Which clinical presentation would most likely differentiate Acute Epiglottis from Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
Which clinical presentation would most likely differentiate Acute Epiglottis from Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
Which examination finding suggests a need to avoid a tongue depressor?
Which examination finding suggests a need to avoid a tongue depressor?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Streptococcal Pharyngitis?
In a patient presenting with Fever and Dysphonia, what condition should be suspected?
In a patient presenting with Fever and Dysphonia, what condition should be suspected?
What physical exam finding is likely in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?
What physical exam finding is likely in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?
What examination finding is characteristic of otitis externa?
What examination finding is characteristic of otitis externa?
Which symptom is most likely to be present during an examination for appendicitis?
Which symptom is most likely to be present during an examination for appendicitis?
Which condition is associated with morning stiffness and is often symmetrical in presentation?
Which condition is associated with morning stiffness and is often symmetrical in presentation?
What finding on the Rinne test is indicative of conductive hearing loss?
What finding on the Rinne test is indicative of conductive hearing loss?
What is a common physical examination finding in a patient presenting with influenza?
What is a common physical examination finding in a patient presenting with influenza?
Which abnormal finding is typically associated with otitis media during an ear exam?
Which abnormal finding is typically associated with otitis media during an ear exam?
Which symptom can be indicative of radiculopathy at the S1 level?
Which symptom can be indicative of radiculopathy at the S1 level?
What symptom would most likely be present in a case of septic arthritis?
What symptom would most likely be present in a case of septic arthritis?
Which examination finding would you suspect in a patient with a bowel obstruction?
Which examination finding would you suspect in a patient with a bowel obstruction?
What key finding is associated with osteoarthritis during a physical exam?
What key finding is associated with osteoarthritis during a physical exam?
What is a classic symptom of ovarian torsion?
What is a classic symptom of ovarian torsion?
Which finding is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?
Which finding is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?
Which symptom is associated with acute diverticulitis?
Which symptom is associated with acute diverticulitis?
What symptom best indicates mesenteric ischemia?
What symptom best indicates mesenteric ischemia?
What physical finding is characteristic of cholecystitis?
What physical finding is characteristic of cholecystitis?
Which clinical finding is commonly noted in patients with Crohn's disease?
Which clinical finding is commonly noted in patients with Crohn's disease?
What symptom is associated with peptic ulcer disease?
What symptom is associated with peptic ulcer disease?
What finding would likely be present in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm?
What finding would likely be present in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm?
What typical symptom characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
What typical symptom characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
What is a common symptom of acute appendicitis?
What is a common symptom of acute appendicitis?
What is a common dermatological sign associated with Celiac Disease?
What is a common dermatological sign associated with Celiac Disease?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
What vital sign alteration would likely be observed in a patient with Myocardial Infarction?
What vital sign alteration would likely be observed in a patient with Myocardial Infarction?
Which clinical finding is indicative of Pulmonary Embolism?
Which clinical finding is indicative of Pulmonary Embolism?
What symptom might suggest the presence of Aortic Dissection?
What symptom might suggest the presence of Aortic Dissection?
Which symptom may indicate the presence of Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Which symptom may indicate the presence of Peripheral Vascular Disease?
What is a common gastrointestinal complaint in patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity?
What is a common gastrointestinal complaint in patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity?
What dermatological symptom is often seen in Bulimia Nervosa?
What dermatological symptom is often seen in Bulimia Nervosa?
Which examination finding is commonly observed in cases of Myocarditis?
Which examination finding is commonly observed in cases of Myocarditis?
Which of the following indicates a possible complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Which of the following indicates a possible complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
What clinical symptom is NOT typically associated with a Peritonsilar Abscess?
What clinical symptom is NOT typically associated with a Peritonsilar Abscess?
What examination finding is commonly associated with a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
What examination finding is commonly associated with a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Which symptom would most likely lead a clinician to suspect Acute Epiglottis?
Which symptom would most likely lead a clinician to suspect Acute Epiglottis?
What symptom commonly differentiates Streptococcal Pharyngitis from other infections?
What symptom commonly differentiates Streptococcal Pharyngitis from other infections?
Which of the following symptoms is frequently absent in a patient with Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Which of the following symptoms is frequently absent in a patient with Retropharyngeal Abscess?
What is the expected physical finding in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?
What is the expected physical finding in a patient with Peritonsilar Abscess?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis requiring caution during examination?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis requiring caution during examination?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with Acute Epiglottis?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with Acute Epiglottis?
What type of pain is most commonly associated with ovarian torsion?
What type of pain is most commonly associated with ovarian torsion?
Which symptom is characteristic of acute pancreatitis?
Which symptom is characteristic of acute pancreatitis?
Which clinical sign is indicative of cholecystitis?
Which clinical sign is indicative of cholecystitis?
What symptom is associated with diverticulitis?
What symptom is associated with diverticulitis?
Which condition is indicated by mid-epigastric pain relieved by sitting forward?
Which condition is indicated by mid-epigastric pain relieved by sitting forward?
In Crohn's disease, which oral symptom may present?
In Crohn's disease, which oral symptom may present?
Which symptom is prevalent in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?
Which symptom is prevalent in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?
What is a common finding in patients with bowel obstruction?
What is a common finding in patients with bowel obstruction?
Which factor is associated with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)?
Which factor is associated with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)?
What is a typical abdominal finding in patients with mesenteric ischemia?
What is a typical abdominal finding in patients with mesenteric ischemia?
What examination finding is associated with otitis externa?
What examination finding is associated with otitis externa?
Which symptom is indicative of appendicitis?
Which symptom is indicative of appendicitis?
What finding on examination is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
What finding on examination is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
Which of the following is a common clinical finding in infectious mononucleosis?
Which of the following is a common clinical finding in infectious mononucleosis?
In cases of gout, which clinical finding might be observed?
In cases of gout, which clinical finding might be observed?
Which symptom is characteristic of otitis media?
Which symptom is characteristic of otitis media?
What is a common presenting symptom of influenza?
What is a common presenting symptom of influenza?
Which condition is characterized by pain worsened with movement and joint locking?
Which condition is characterized by pain worsened with movement and joint locking?
Which symptom might indicate lumbar radiculopathy associated with S1 nerve root?
Which symptom might indicate lumbar radiculopathy associated with S1 nerve root?
What is a hallmark symptom of septic arthritis?
What is a hallmark symptom of septic arthritis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Celiac Disease?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Celiac Disease?
What is a hallmark dermatological symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?
What is a hallmark dermatological symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?
Which of the following options indicates a potential complication of Bulimia Nervosa?
Which of the following options indicates a potential complication of Bulimia Nervosa?
Which examination finding is indicative of Myocardial Infarction?
Which examination finding is indicative of Myocardial Infarction?
What is a classic sign of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
What is a classic sign of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Which clinical finding is commonly associated with Pericarditis?
Which clinical finding is commonly associated with Pericarditis?
What symptom is typically seen in a patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease?
What symptom is typically seen in a patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Which finding might suggest Aortic Dissection?
Which finding might suggest Aortic Dissection?
Which symptom is associated with Pulmonary Embolism?
Which symptom is associated with Pulmonary Embolism?
What is one of the symptoms indicative of Myocarditis?
What is one of the symptoms indicative of Myocarditis?
Study Notes
Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)
- Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
- Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
- Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
- Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
- Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.
Hearing Loss/Otalgia
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
- Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
- Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.
Joint Pain
- Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
- Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
- Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.
Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy
- L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
- L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
- S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.
Abdominal Pain
- Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
- Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
- Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
- Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
- Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
- Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.
Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain
- GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
- Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
- Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
- SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
- Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
- Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.
These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders
-
Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.
-
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.
Eating Disorders
-
Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.
-
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.
-
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.
Cardiovascular Disease
-
Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).
-
Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.
-
Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.
-
Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).
-
Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.
-
Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
-
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
-
Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.
-
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.
Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)
- Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
- Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
- Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
- Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
- Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.
Hearing Loss/Otalgia
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
- Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
- Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.
Joint Pain
- Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
- Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
- Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.
Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy
- L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
- L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
- S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.
Abdominal Pain
- Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
- Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
- Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
- Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
- Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
- Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.
Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain
- GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
- Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
- Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
- SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
- Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
- Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.
These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders
-
Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.
-
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.
Eating Disorders
-
Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.
-
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.
-
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.
Cardiovascular Disease
-
Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).
-
Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.
-
Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.
-
Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).
-
Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.
-
Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
-
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
-
Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.
-
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.
Respiratory Tract Infections (Sore Throat)
- Red flag symptoms include fever, drooling, dysphagia, and dysphonia.
- Acute Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can lead to pooling of saliva and severe distress. Fever is a common symptom.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: Unilateral erythema and enlarged tonsil with uvular deviation; often presents with fever and drooling.
- Retropharyngeal Abscess: Characterized by fever, dysphonia, and bulging of the posterior oropharynx.
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Features fever, edema, and erythema of tonsils with a non-adherent exudate and palatine petechiae.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Presents with low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudate; often afebrile or with mild symptoms.
- Common Cold: Generally not accompanied by fever, but involves sore throat and nasal congestion.
- Influenza: Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion.
Hearing Loss/Otalgia
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Affects the unaffected side during the Weber test; Rinne test shows air conduction better than bone conduction.
- Otitis Externa: Presents with pain on movement of the tragus, pruritus, and edema of the external ear canal.
- Otitis Media: Characterized by bulging, cloudy tympanic membrane. Typically involves fever and otorrhea.
Joint Pain
- Septic Arthritis: Symptoms include warmth, swelling, and immobility of the affected joint.
- Gout: May present with tophi on prepatellar bursa. Symptoms include morning stiffness and joint pain.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Includes morning stiffness and palpable synovial thickening.
- Osteoarthritis: Symptoms characterized by joint pain/stiffness, especially worse with movement and crepitus.
Low Back Pain/Radiculopathy
- L2-L4 Radiculopathy: Weak knee extension and hip adduction, with sensory loss in the medial calf region.
- L5 Radiculopathy: Involves weakness in toe extension; sensory deficit in the dorsum of the foot.
- S1 Radiculopathy: Weak plantar flexion leading to difficulty in walking on toes.
Abdominal Pain
- Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant pain, migratory from periumbilical area, rebound tenderness is notable.
- Bowel Obstruction: Increased bowel sounds and distention may show dehydration signs.
- Aortic Aneurysm: Characterized by a pulsatile abdominal mass and possible audible bruit.
- Ectopic Pregnancy: Severe unilateral pain with potential adnexal mass; can involve fever or chills.
- Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain with signs of jaundice, Murphy's sign positive.
- Pancreatitis: Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, relieved by leaning forward.
Epigastric/Retrosternal Pain
- GERD: Burning epigastric pain with sour taste, dysphagia, and hoarseness are common symptoms.
- Barrett’s Esophagus: Epigastric pain associated with dysphagia.
- Gastritis: Characterized by epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
- SIBO: Symptoms include bloating along with upper abdominal discomfort.
- Crohn's Disease: May present with ulcers in the mouth and signs of inflammatory arthropathy.
- Ulcerative Colitis: Associated with hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness.
These notes summarize key clinical presentations and important examination components associated with various conditions seen in Year 1 CMS related to respiratory, auditory, joint, abdominal, and digestive health.### Gastrointestinal Disorders
-
Celiac Disease: Causes diarrhea, dehydration from diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition signs including pallor and weight loss. Symptoms may include dermatitis herpetiformis with symmetric vesicles, crusting, and erosions primarily on extensor surfaces.
-
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis), and potentially joint pain.
Eating Disorders
-
Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by heart irregularities such as bradycardia, hypotension, and signs of malnutrition evident through a physical exam including brittle hair, nails, hyperkeratosis, and lanugo.
-
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs include hypertension, oropharyngeal issues, dental erosion, gum disease, calluses on hands, and enlarged parotid glands. Additional symptoms involve hair loss and pallor.
-
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Presents with similar symptoms of malnutrition including brittle hair, nails, cold intolerance, and general weight loss.
Cardiovascular Disease
-
Myocardial Infarction: Possible findings include hypotension, third heart sound, palpitations, crackles in lung auscultation, dyspnea, and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP).
-
Endocarditis: Symptoms may involve fever, palpitations, murmur, and dyspnea.
-
Myocarditis: Indicators include fever, palpitations, and potentially a third heart sound or murmur.
-
Pericarditis: Characterized by fever (if infectious), pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (decreased blood pressure on inspiration).
-
Aortic Dissection: Presents with asymmetric blood pressure in upper extremities, chest pain, and potential pale nail beds indicating ischemia.
-
Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, and possible signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
-
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Characterized by irregular pulses, dyspnea, and crackles during lung examination. Typically involves elevated JVP and is often related to heart failure.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
-
Peripheral Vascular Disease: Symptoms may include numbness in lower limbs, muscle weakness, pale or cool skin, and brittle nails.
-
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Identified by paralysis or paresis of the affected leg, pitting edema, and calf swelling greater than 3 cm compared to the unaffected leg.
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Description
Test your knowledge of respiratory tract infections, focusing on sore throat symptoms and red flag diagnoses. This quiz covers key indicators such as fever, dysphagia, and lymph node examination. Additionally, review oropharyngeal and nasal examination techniques relevant for Year 1 CMS students.
