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Questions and Answers

A dental patient with a history of myocardial infarction becomes dizzy after the administration of local anesthesia. Besides basic life support, which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

  • Administer aspirin.
  • Administer oxygen. (correct)
  • Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position.
  • Place the patient in a supine position.

A patient reports a history of rheumatic fever during childhood. Which of the following long-term complications is MOST associated with this condition?

  • Infection caused by staphylococcal infection.
  • Problems in cardiac and joints. (correct)
  • Infection caused by Herpes simplex.

A patient presents with an open bite and Class III malocclusion. Which of the following factors typically contributes to this condition, EXCEPT:

  • Tongue thrusting.
  • Genetic predisposition.
  • Mouth breathing.
  • Digital suction (thumb sucking). (correct)

During a root canal treatment, a patient's lips suddenly become swollen immediately after the rubber dam is removed. What is the MOST likely cause of this reaction?

<p>Angioedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 21-year-old male college student presents with noticeable wear on the incisal edges of his teeth. Which of the following is the MOST probable cause of this condition?

<p>Bruxism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking antibiotic prophylaxis reports experiencing gastrointestinal issues and wonders if their oral contraceptive is still effective. What is the most appropriate course of action?

<p>Advise the patient to use additional barrier methods of contraception during antibiotic use and for one week after completion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What range of percussion values, measured in mm/s, typically indicates 'the better tapper' performance in the context of assessing sensorimotor function?

<p>10 - 20 mm/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pediatric patient with a history of repaired Tetralogy of Fallot requires dental treatment. What is the MOST appropriate initial step in managing this patient?

<p>Consult with the pediatric cardiologist to determine the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from ectomesenchyme?

<p>Buccal mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chronic abscess has formed a fistula. Exudates from the fistula are MOST likely to be composed primarily of which type of cells?

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is adamant about undergoing a teeth whitening procedure, despite your professional assessment that it may not be suitable or beneficial for them. If you proceed with the treatment solely based on the patient's insistence, which ethical principle are you primarily upholding?

<p>Autonomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with trismus following a dental procedure. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely involved in causing this condition?

<p>Medial pterygoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 17-year-old male returns to the clinic after two years. A full mouth bitewing radiograph reveals one interproximal carious lesion. According to the CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment) classification, how would this patient MOST likely be categorized?

<p>Low (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 12-month-old child presents with fever and dry cough after a family vacation. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management step?

<p>Taking vital signs and obtaining a detailed medical history. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dental amalgam, which of the following is the major component by percentage?

<p>Mercury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with red dots on the palate. Which condition is MOST likely indicated by this clinical finding?

<p>Nicotinic stomatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cephalometric analysis reveals an ANB angle of 6 degrees. According to this finding, which Angle's classification is MOST likely?

<p>Class I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with HIV undergoing dental radiography, what is the MOST appropriate infection control protocol?

<p>Single barrier protection and disinfectant wipes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LEAST likely complication associated with local anesthetic injections in dentistry?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who had scarlet fever is MOST likely to present with all of the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT:

<p>Bleeding gums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After one week of medication, a patient develops an ulcer on their lip. Which type of immune cell is MOST likely involved in this delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

<p>Cytotoxic T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient requires a full mouth series. They inquire about tooth #18. If a spring coil uprights the molar, what is MOST likely to occur?

<p>Root moves mesially and tooth extrusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A dentist provides hand sanitizer for patients to use. This measure is BEST described as which type of control?

<p>Administrative control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is MOST likely to cause dental erosion?

<p>Yogurt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred material for cementing a ceramic crown to maximize retention and aesthetics?

<p>Resin cement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A teenage girl, who has asthma and uses albuterol, presents with crowded teeth. Her facial examination reveals incompetent lips. Which other finding is MOST likely observed?

<p>Convex profile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An uncooperative child patient has traveled a long distance with their mother, and presents with a cavity. Considering the circumstances, what is an appropriate immediate treatment option?

<p>Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of opioid abuse demands a prescription, claiming severe pain with no apparent cause, and refuses to leave without it. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

<p>Refer the patient to a pain management specialist or addiction treatment center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A facebow is used in dentistry to accurately mount dental casts. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of using a facebow?

<p>Midline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nicotine stomatitis is most likely associated with which clinical presentation?

<p>Inflamed minor salivary gland ducts on a leukoplakic background of the hard palate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is primarily caused by the dysfunction of which anatomical structure?

<p>Lower esophageal sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An asthmatic patient in the dental chair suddenly begins wheezing and develops lip swelling after rubber dam placement. What is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

<p>Administer albuterol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is HbA1c level measured to assess a patient's glycemic control?

<p>Blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering the design of a pontic, which form is generally considered the MOST difficult to clean?

<p>Ridge Lap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the SLOB rule in radiography, if an object moves in the same direction as the tube head, it is located:

<p>Lingual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with pain and significant swelling in the anterior superior region. Which of the following conditions poses the GREATEST immediate concern?

<p>Ludwig's Angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material is currently considered the superior choice for forming a dentine bridge, based on updated research?

<p>Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who tested positive for tuberculosis two weeks ago, and still has a cough, comes to the clinic for a cleaning. What is the MOST appropriate step?

<p>Refer and don't schedule until the TB test result comes negative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of aspirin?

<p>Inhibition of platelet aggregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a 4mm Candida lesion on the gingival mucosa in the upper premolar region, unresponsive to previous nystatin treatment. What is the most appropriate next step in managing this condition?

<p>Incisional Biopsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a fractured tooth where the fracture extends to the root structure. Which of the following classifications best describes this type of fracture?

<p>Crown-root fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new patient presents with decay on tooth #8 and requests a comprehensive evaluation but no radiographs are currently available. What type of oral examination is most appropriate as an initial step?

<p>Comprehensive oral examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the initial examination, the dentist determines that radiographs are necessary for the new patient with decay on tooth #8. Which radiographic series would be most appropriate to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patient's dental condition?

<p>Full mouth series (FMS) and panoramic radiographs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the same case, to restore tooth #8 with a composite, which isolation technique is best to achieve proper moisture control and visibility?

<p>Rubber dam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with excessive drooling and an inability to blink. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result from these conditions?

<p>Glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nicotine Stomatitis

Inflammation of minor salivary gland ducts, often with leukoplakic changes; associated with tobacco use.

Cause of GERD

Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction.

First step for asthmatic patient experiencing breathing difficulty

Administer albuterol.

HbA1c Measurement

Glycated hemoglobin measured in red blood cells.

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Foreshortening (Radiography)

Excessive vertical angulation causing shortening of image.

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SLOB Rule Meaning

Same Lingual Opposite Buccal - used to determine object location in radiographs.

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Primary Endodontic Infection Bacteria

Most bacteria in primary endodontic infections are anaerobes.

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Most important factor determining working length

Apical constriction.

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Dental Amalgam Major Component

A common dental restorative material containing mercury, silver, tin, and copper.

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Marijuana Active Component

The primary psychoactive component of cannabis.

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Crown Color Selection Timing

Evaluate the shade before tooth preparation and under controlled lighting.

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Best Impression Material (Fine Detail)

Vinyl polysiloxane impression material.

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Papilloma (Oral)

Benign epithelial tumor caused by HPV.

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Phenytoin and Gingival Hyperplasia

Phenytoin can cause increased fibroblast proliferation.

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Leukoedema

Intracellular edema of spinous cells in epithelium

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Antibiotics & Contraception

Antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

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Normal Tapping Rate

This refers to the range of finger tapping speed considered normal. Normal rate: 6-10 taps per sequence

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Post-Tetralogy of Fallot Care

Following repair, ongoing cardiac care and monitoring are essential.

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Non-Ectomesenchymal Tissue

Buccal mucosa is derived from ectoderm; smooth muscle, cartilage and bone are derived from ectomesenchyme.

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Chronic Abscess Exudate

In a chronic abscess, the exudate predominantly contains neutrophils due to their role in acute inflammation.

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Ethical Principle: Autonomy

Respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions, even if the dentist disagrees.

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Trismus Muscle

The medial pterygoid muscle is the primary elevator of themandible and is most involved in trismus.

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Ibuprofen's Action

Ibuprofen inhibits the production of prostaglandins, reducing inflammation and pain.

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Engineering Controls

Controls that reduce exposure to hazards through changes to the work environment

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Administrative Control

Wearing a face shield to protect from saliva spray follows what principle?

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Dental Erosion

Dissolution of tooth structure due to chemical, non-bacterial processes.

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Resin Cement

Material often used for cementing ceramic crowns due to its strength and aesthetics.

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Veracity

Truthfulness; being honest and telling the truth.

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Cross-Sectional Study

A statistical study design that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.

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Shade Selection (Cervical)

When selecting the shade of a patients tooth, where do you color match?

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Taurodontism

A dental anomaly where teeth have enlarged pulp chambers and apically displaced furcations.

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Best material for dentine bridge?

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Superior material for dentine bridge formation due to its biocompatibility and sealing properties.

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Aspirin MOA

Inhibition of platelet aggregation, preventing blood clot formation.

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Candida lesion unresponsive to Nystatin - next step?

When initial treatments for fungal infections fail, biopsy (excisional, incisional, or exfoliative) may be required to rule out other etiologies.

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Complicated Crown Fracture

Fracture involving enamel, dentin, and pulp.

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Limited Oral Exam

A focused examination addressing a specific problem or chief complaint.

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Best initial radiographs?

Bitewing and panoramic radiographs provide a good overview of the patient’s dental health with minimal radiation.

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Best Method for Tooth Isolation During Restoration

Rubber dam provides the best isolation by creating a dry, clean field, reducing risk of contamination and improving bond strength.

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Patient with multiple proximal caries, what's the best management?

Energy drinks leading to multiple proximal caries is related to nutritional habits and should be addressed, full crowns or composite restorations are possible treatments, while the main improvement should be on the habits.

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Angioedema

Swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, face that can obstruct the airway.

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Condensing Osteitis

Bone sclerosis around the apex of a tooth, usually in response to chronic pulpal inflammation. Commonly seen in mandibular premolars, molars.

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Attrition

Physiologic tooth wear from tooth-to-tooth contact (occlusion) in which enamel is lost when teeth grind together.

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Crater Defect

Bone loss around a tooth that is deeper on one surface (interproximal) than the adjacent surface.

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Scalloped Bevel

Best for esthetics and retention along the facial surface.

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Study Notes

Dental Assistant Protocols

  • Newly hired dental assistants should have all procedures done, except for Hepatitis B vaccination.

Genetic Syndromes

  • Gorlin syndrome is associated with odontogenic keratocysts.
  • Cleidocranial dysplasia is a syndrome associated with supernumerary teeth.
  • Teacher Collins Syndrome is related to Mandibular dysostosis
  • Premature fusion of the midface relates to Crouzon syndrome.

Muscle Function and Disorders

  • Medial pterygoid is the most affected muscle in a patient with trismus.

Pharmacology

  • Nitroglycerin increases vasodilation of the coronary artery.
  • Ibuprofen inhibits prostaglandins.
  • Methadone is prescribed for patients with morphine addiction because it causes less physical dependence.
  • Opioids cause all symptoms except diuresis

Radiography and Imaging

  • In Down syndrome patients, a blurred OPG finding can be due to incorrect patient positioning (tilted head back or moved) during the procedure.
  • In periapical radiographs, foreshortening is due to excessive vertical angulation.

Patient Assessment and Diagnosis

  • A patient with lesions on the left palate extending from tooth 9 to 14, and the left lip region, is likely affected by Varicella-zoster virus.
  • Patients with a recent complete denture complaining of cheek biting are experiencing poor habituation.
  • Fissured tongue is commonly associated with geographic tongue.
  • A hard nodule-like lesion in the anterior region that can be Normal mucosa and bone
  • For red dots on the hard palate think Nickotinic Stomatitis.
  • For a lesion that disappears when its stretched its Leukoedema

Infections and Immunity

  • Mumps are caused by airborne Paramyxovirus.
  • An asthma patient using a steroid inhaler with a wipeable white plaque on the palate likely has candidiasis.
  • Measles can be identified by Koplik's spots.
  • Tuberculosis Tuberculosis agent kill Mycobacterium

Dental Materials

  • Mercury is the main component of amalgam.
  • Gutta-percha is mainly made up of Zinc Oxide.

Medical Conditions and Dental Treatment

  • A patient on oral bisphosphonates for 2 years needing full mouth extraction requires a consult with their primary care physician for treatment options.
  • Patients with hypertension and diabetes undergoing tooth extraction, who experience a rise in blood pressure to 145x95 after anesthesia, categorized as hypertension stage 2.
  • A patient taking estradiol is getting extraction but antibiotic Prophylaxis will hinder contraception
  • A 4-year-old with sleep apnea may have hypertrophic adenoids.
  • If a patient with cardiac arrest its best to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • In a patient with HIV and getting radiographs taken use single barrier and disinfectant wipes
  • A 4 years old with hepatitis B needs to be treated with medicals and also look at if and not an addition
  • if a picture is showing the 2 teeth sharing the same root you should think gemination and so its will proliferation
  • It’s important to use instrument till you reach the apical constriction
  • For patients with a Latent TB its important to use Universal precautions
  • In the case of suspected substance abuse by a dental assistant, appropriate steps are involved except to pay for assistants treatment
  • Following a patients request to following whitening and the dentist follows with patients request, the dentist will be following Autonomy

Prosthodontics

  • For a patient missing teeth 17, 18, 19, and 30, 31, 32, the Rest seat is going to be placed On mesial of 20 and 29
  • The most important thing for a post is Remaining portion of Tooth (quantity &
  • The better tapper to use tapers 6 to 10
  • If an already made denture patient keeps biting cheek its Poor habituation because Mouth & muscles will learn how to bite with the new dentures

Treatment Planning and Procedures

  • Avulsed tooth should not be cleaned with root in chlorhexidine
  • In the context of a case of deep caries, Removing all caries and Leave affected dentine, modified glass ionomer, restore.
  • Fracture of crown with exposure of pulp is Complicated

Wound Healing

  • Wound healing phase that is going to maintain the clot and achieve Hemostasis Stage: constriction of the blood vesse

Oral Hygiene Instructions

  • Give advice to Rinse with water after taking inhaler

Management of Sleep Apnea

  • A patient for sleep apnea needs to be tested with Overnight sleep study

Records Transfer

  • Patient is moving to another state and wants her dental records sent to a new dentist sends, send the bills to her home and then ask her to come to get the records

Endodontics Procedures

  • Its best to straight line access endodontic canals because Instruments can reach the apical third of curved canal

Common Oral Conditions and Lesions

  • Dry eyes are associated with Ectodermal Dysplasia
  • If the tooth is sensitive to cold in gingival margin, most likely reversible pulpitis
  • If the patient got swelling and pain in the anterior superior teeth, think eye infection

Orthodontics considerations

  • Patient has pain and TMD what is the most important, Pain quality
  • During appointment choice the color of the crown At the beginning of the appointment

Managing Extractions.

  • In patient with oral bisphosphonates for 2 years who wants and full mouth extraction, Consult with primary care physician about TT option
  • Dont’ extract teeth from patient that is Avulsed tooth, otherwise Clean with root in chlorhexidine

Cells involved in tooth modification

  • Cells responsible for root resorption are Osteoclasts
  • Cells that are the precursor after tooth extraction are Osteoblasts

Smoking adverse effects

  • What happens due to smoking except bone loss

Alveolar osteitis

  • Also known as dry socket what is not true is that Easily identified cause
  • If asking about what’s the patient responsible for surgical complication then Oral contraceptive

Asthma management

  • For asthma patient that placed the rubber dam on him after the dentist had a wheezing sounds and his lip began to swell, give him epinephrine
  • If a Patient having a asthma which is the blocker should clarithromycin
  • In the same is important to give Nystatin to use Inhalers and also Rinse water after using it

What is the best important for endodontist do?

  • Straight line access

After extraction is important?

  • If theres pain with Alveolar osteitis its important that the doctor use Contraceptives even tho it may cause it

Antibiotics considerations

  • What does Tuberculosis agent kill? Answer is Mycobacterium

What OSHA doesnt’t regulate?

  • In the question the answer is Measles

All conditions associate with attrition except

  • Its All conditions associate with attrition except erosion

T helper cells

– Its recruit cytotoxic cells with IL 1

Case study

  • Most Common Neoplasm In Oral Cavity, think Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • The correct thing that should be added in the the protection stablization documentation form is What to do in future.

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