Cardiovascular Diseases Part 1

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Questions and Answers

What are vascular diseases?

Involve narrowing or complete obstruction of vessel lumen occurring progressively or acutely. This results in the weakening of the vessels.

What is the difference between high pressure arterioles and low pressure veins?

High pressure arterioles supply blood. They have thick muscular walls with smooth muscle. Low pressure veins return blood to the heart. They have thin walls and a high blood volume capacity.

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

Any disease that impacts the cardiovascular system. Involves they heart, blood vessels, or both.

What are the most common types of cardiovascular disease?

Hypertension, which is sustained high blood pressure which cases vessel and organ damage. Atherosclerosis causes coronary, cerebral, peripheral vascular damage. It involves chronic and repetitive endothelial injury and inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

The most common heart disease. It is caused by plaque buildup in the inner walls and arteries of the heart, narrowing the lumen of the arteries causing blood flow to the heart being reduced. Symptoms include heart attacks, angina, and ischemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Serranos Triad?

It includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, all of which are risk factors for CAD. Signup and view all the answers

What is angina pectoris?

Caused by reversible myocardial ischemia, resulting in the patient having discontinuous chest pain. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of angina pectoris?

Stable angina is predictable episodic chest pain with exertion or increased demand, and associated with plaques that narrow lumen of the coronary artery. It causes a crushing or squeezing sensation that radiates to the left arm or jaw. Variant angina occurs at rest and is caused by artery spasm near atherosclerotic plaques. Unstable angina is caused by severe narrowing of the coronary artery with obstruction and leads to increased frequent pain Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyopathy?

A measurable deterioration for any reason or ability of myocardium to contract. It affects the heart muscle and causes dyspnea (breathlessness), and peripheral edema in legs, as well as heart failure. Signup and view all the answers

What is Chronic Heart Failure? (CHF)

It is caused when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow needs of the body. It can still pump, but not well enough. It causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, tiredness, leg swelling, and decreased exercise tolerance. Risk factors include CAD, heart attack, valvular heart disease, and atrial fibrillation. Signup and view all the answers