Cardiovascular Diseases Part 2

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Questions and Answers

What is pulmonary heart disease?

Enlargement and failure of the right ventricle that responds to increased vascular resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs. It causes right ventricular hypertrophy and death if untreated. Caused by vascular changes from tissue damage or chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

What is cardiac dysrhythmia?

A group of conditions where electrical activity of the heart is irregular or faster/slower than normal. It may cause cardiac arrest or can be symptomatic. Located on ventricles or atria of the heart

What are the different types of cardiac dysrhythmia?

Tachycardia means the heart beat is too fast and is over 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia means the heartbeat is too slow and under 60 beats per minute.

What is Endocarditis?

Caused by septic emboli that deposit bacteria forming microabscesses. It is the inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. Characterized by Janeway lesions and scant inflammatory cells. Causes symptoms such as petechiae of the trunk, heart failure, and fever. Signup and view all the answers

What are Janeway Lesions?

Hallmark of endocarditis. Nontender, small erythematous or hemorrhagic macular or nodular lesion. On the palms or soles. The microabscesses of the dermis with marked necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate without the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between infective and non infective endocarditis?

Infective endocarditis is caused when an organism attaches to the surface from vegetation. Causes blunted immune response, lack of blood supply, and increased risk for a bacterial infection. Noninfectious endocarditis is the deposition of small sterile vegetations on valve leaflets. Risk factors include previous rheumatic fever. Signup and view all the answers

What is congenital Heart Disease?

Caused by genetic and abnormal factors leading to faulty embryogenesis during week 3-8 when the cardiovascular system develops. Occurs mainly in newborns. Etiological factors include congenital rubella syndrome, teratogen, and material diabetes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a shunt abnormality?

Occurs when there is abnormal communication between chambers or blood vessels that prevents blood flow to the other side of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Difference between the 2 types of shunts?

A left to right shunt increases floor flow to pulmonary circulation and lowers pressure, it also causes right side hypertrophy and failure. Associated with ventricular and atrial septal defects. Right to left shunt can cause cyanosis because pulmonary circulation is bypassed and poorly oxygenated blood enters systemic circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atrial septal defect?

It increases only the right ventricular and pulmonary outflow volumes. Causes symptoms such as sneezing, straining bowel movements, paradoxical embolism. It can also cause paradoxical embolism from the leg that enters arterial circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a ventricular septal defect?

The patient's ductus arteriosus causes an increase in pulmonary blood flow and pressure. Ventricular septum formed by fusion of muscular ridge that grows up from heart apex to thinner membranous partition. Seen after birth. Signup and view all the answers