Cardiovascular Diseases Part 3

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Questions and Answers

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

It is caused by the left pulmonary artery joining the aorta distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. It connects between these two and closes after birth. Babies die in 24 hours after birth if this doesn't close. It causes symptoms such as permitting blood flow from pulmonary artery to aorta by bypassing the lungs and cyanosis. Causes a high-pressure left- to-right shunt with machinery like murmur.

What is valvular heart disease?

Any disease process involving one or more valves of the heart. Causes include aging, mitral valves, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. Can be treated with replacement of the valve.

What is tetralogy of Fallot?

Congenital heart disease that involves 4 anatomical abnormalities of the heart. Low oxygenation of blood is mixed in the left ventricle and mixed through the aorta. Causes a right-to-left shunt. Causes symptoms such as low o2 saturation, heart murmur, and cyanosis from birth. Causes clubbing of fingers and toes.

What is cerebrovascular disease?

Group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of blood vessels supplying the brain. Causes hypertension which damages the blood vessel lining endothelium and exposing collagen where platelets aggregate to initiate repairing. Permanently changes blood vessel lining and leads to changes in blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is peripheral vascular disease?

Obstruction of large arteries not in the coronary, aortic arch vasculature of the brain. Caused by atherosclerosis or inflammation. Causes symptoms such as stenosis, embolism, thrombus formation, and acute/chronic ischemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is rheumatic heart disease?

Caused by rheumatic fever. An inflammatory disease following streptococcus pyogenes infection. Caused by cross-reactivity antibody reaction. Mainly impacts children. Causes symptoms such as inflammatory changes in the heart, joint, blood vessel, and subcutaneous tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is congenital heart defect?

Defect in structure of heart & great vessels that are present after birth. It is caused by obstructed blood flow in the heart or vessel that can cause blood flow in the heart to be in an abnormal pattern. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomegaly?

A medical condition where the heart is enlarged. Causes cardiac dilation where 1 or more chambers of the heart are enlarged. Can also be caused by cardiac hypertrophy which is when the cardiac muscle is enlarged. Signup and view all the answers

What is electrocardiography?

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Form of transthoracic interpretation of electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. Used to measure the heart's electrical conduction system Signup and view all the answers

What is echocardiography?

A sonogram of the heart using soundwaves. Uses doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. Give information such as heart function and cardiac output. Signup and view all the answers