Cardiovascular Diseases Part 4

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Questions and Answers

What is cholesterol?

A sterol that can be used to help with membrane integrity and fluidity. Helps with intracellular transport and signaling. Excrete by the liver into the digestive tract.

What is cholesterol testing?

To determine the risk for coronary heart disease and evaluation of hyperlipidemia. Can detect atherosclerosis, caused by hyperlipidemia which can lead to myocardial infarction.

What is low density lipoprotein?

“Bad cholesterol”. Complex particles composed of many proteins that can transport all fat molecules. Brings them to artery walls, attract macrophages, and drive atherosclerosis.

What is a high density lipoprotein?

Removes fat molecules from macrophages in the wall of arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lipid profile?

Total amount of cholesterol in a blood sample. INcreased HDL shows lipotimia. Decreased HDL causes metabolic syndrome. Low LDL and VLDL can cause familial hyperlipoproteinemia. Increased LDL and VLDL can cause familial LDL lipoproteinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is homocysteine?

A non protein a-amino acid that has a methylene bridge. Made from removal of C methyl group, making it prone to endothelial damage. Can be used to predict coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease. Related to endothelial cell injury, blood clots, and strokes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a C-reactive protein?

A ring pentameric protein that is nonspecific and acute phase reactant protein. Can increase inflammation and is a type of PRR that is nonspecific. Made in the liver and located in the bloodstream. Responds to factors released by macrophages and fat cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is troponin?

Complex of 3 proteins. The Function is to help with muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Can be used to detect myocardial infarction or heart muscle cell death. It regulates calcium-dependent interaction of myosin with actin for muscle contractile apparatus. Signup and view all the answers

What is Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)?

A 32 amino acid polypeptide. Detected by the ventricles of the heart. Response to excessive stretching of heart muscles modulated by calcium ions. Diagnostically used to rule out acute heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)?

Naturally occurring chemical in blood plasma. MAde by continual protein modification in cytoplasm. Methyl group transferred to create ADMA from methyl group S-adenosylmethionine for homocysteine metabolism.ADMA can go to extracellular spores and the blood plasma. Measured by liquid chromatography. Signup and view all the answers

What is arterial blood gas (ABG)?

A blood test using blood from an artery. Uses a needle to extract arterial blood. Measures arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), carbon dioxide tension (PaCo2), acidity (Ph), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), pH, bicarbonate lvl. Signup and view all the answers