T1 L16: Causation & Study Design: HIV & AIDS (TGJ)

Which study design attempts to control and monitor potential confounding variables and manipulate a variable of interest in order to establish cause and effect?

What is the purpose of a case-control study design?

What is the main difference between a case-control study design and a cross-sectional study design?

What is the purpose of the Bradford-Hill criteria?

What does a confounder variable influence in a study?

What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study design?

What do correlation and association studies aim to understand?

Which study design involves random allocation into groups and is considered the gold standard for establishing causation?

Which study design is used to calculate incidences or new onsets of a disease?

Which study design involves selecting two groups of participants - one with the condition (cases) and one without (controls) - and matching variables not of interest at selection?

Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

Which study design involves surveying a population to measure health outcomes, exposure, and demographics at a specific time and place?

Which study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

Which study design is used to identify relevant exposures quickly and easily and collects data from surveys or patient records?

According to the Bradford-Hill criteria, which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation?

Which of the following best describes the temporal relationship criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

In the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study, what does the term 'specificity' refer to?

Which of the following best describes the consistency criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

What is the main purpose of a cohort study in the context of studying HIV/AIDS?

Which of the following best describes the plausibility criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

In the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study, what does the term 'analogy' refer to?

Which of the following is a key factor in the progression to AIDS and mortality in individuals with HIV?

Which of the following best describes the strength of association between HIV viral load and AIDS incidence?

Which type of study design is considered the best evidence for establishing a causal association between exposure and outcome?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key types of study design mentioned in the text?

Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of similar animal viruses causing immunodeficiency, wasting disorders, neurodegeneration, and death?

Which type of study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of experimental evidence supporting the association between reduced viral loads and reduced AIDS incidence?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of epidemiological research?

What does the term 'causation' refer to in the context of epidemiological research?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a case-control study design?

Which of the following best describes the difference between analytical and descriptive study designs?

Which study design is considered the gold standard for establishing causation?

What is the purpose of the Bradford-Hill criteria?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to outcome?

What is the main purpose of a case-control study design?

Which of the following study designs is NOT able to show temporal specificity?

Which study design is commonly used to identify exposures quickly and easily, often collecting data from surveys or patient records?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

What does the criterion of specificity in the Bradford-Hill criteria for causation mean?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study design?

Which study design is best for measuring prevalence and looking for associations, but not good for measuring causation?

What is the main difference between a case-control study design and a cross-sectional study design?

Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking variables?

Which type of study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

Which type of study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

Which of the following best describes the plausibility criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

Which of the following best describes the consistency criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key types of study design mentioned in the text?

Which of the following best describes the biological gradient criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

Which of the following study designs is considered the best evidence for establishing a causal association between HIV and AIDS?

What does the term 'plausibility' refer to in the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study?

Which of the following best describes the analogy criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

What is the main purpose of a cross-sectional study design in the context of studying HIV/AIDS?

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?