T1 L16: Causation & Study Design: HIV & AIDS (TGJ)
60 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which study design attempts to control and monitor potential confounding variables and manipulate a variable of interest in order to establish cause and effect?

  • Analytic study (correct)
  • Case-control study
  • Cross-sectional study
  • Descriptive study

    • What is the purpose of a case-control study design?

  • To review study designs taught in 203
  • To control and monitor potential confounding variables
  • To establish cause and effect
  • To understand the relationship between variables (correct)

    • What is the main difference between a case-control study design and a cross-sectional study design?

  • The ability to establish cause and effect
  • The manipulation of a variable of interest (correct)
  • The purpose of the study design
  • The control and monitoring of potential confounding variables

    • What is the purpose of the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>To establish cause and effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a confounder variable influence in a study?

    <p>The association between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study design?

    <p>To understand the relationship between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do correlation and association studies aim to understand?

    <p>The relationship between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves random allocation into groups and is considered the gold standard for establishing causation?

    <p>Randomised Controlled Trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is used to calculate incidences or new onsets of a disease?

    <p>Cohort study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves selecting two groups of participants - one with the condition (cases) and one without (controls) - and matching variables not of interest at selection?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

    <p>Cohort study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves surveying a population to measure health outcomes, exposure, and demographics at a specific time and place?

    <p>Cross-sectional study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is used to identify relevant exposures quickly and easily and collects data from surveys or patient records?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Bradford-Hill criteria, which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation?

    <p>Biological gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the temporal relationship criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The exposure must precede the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study, what does the term 'specificity' refer to?

    <p>The development of AIDS only in people with HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the consistency criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The association must be consistent across different studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a cohort study in the context of studying HIV/AIDS?

    <p>To determine the strength of association between HIV and AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the plausibility criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The association must be plausible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study, what does the term 'analogy' refer to?

    <p>The association analogues to known causal relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in the progression to AIDS and mortality in individuals with HIV?

    <p>Increased viral loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the strength of association between HIV viral load and AIDS incidence?

    <p>Strong association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design is considered the best evidence for establishing a causal association between exposure and outcome?

    <p>Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

    <p>Plausibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four key types of study design mentioned in the text?

    <p>Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of similar animal viruses causing immunodeficiency, wasting disorders, neurodegeneration, and death?

    <p>Analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of experimental evidence supporting the association between reduced viral loads and reduced AIDS incidence?

    <p>Experimental evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of epidemiological research?

    <p>To understand associations between exposures and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'causation' refer to in the context of epidemiological research?

    <p>The relationship between exposures and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of a case-control study design?

    <p>To identify relevant exposures quickly and easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between analytical and descriptive study designs?

    <p>Analytical study designs aim to establish causation, while descriptive study designs focus on describing associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is considered the gold standard for establishing causation?

    <p>Randomized controlled trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>To establish causation in observational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to outcome?

    <p>Plausibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a case-control study design?

    <p>To select participants based on exposure and put them into exposed vs non-exposed groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following study designs is NOT able to show temporal specificity?

    <p>Cross-sectional study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is commonly used to identify exposures quickly and easily, often collecting data from surveys or patient records?

    <p>Cross-sectional study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

    <p>Plausibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>Biological gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the criterion of specificity in the Bradford-Hill criteria for causation mean?

    <p>An association is associated with a single disease of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking HIV to AIDS?

    <p>Plausibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study design?

    <p>To survey a population to measure health outcomes, exposure, and demographics at a specific time and place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study design is best for measuring prevalence and looking for associations, but not good for measuring causation?

    <p>Cross-sectional study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a case-control study design and a cross-sectional study design?

    <p>The selection of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria refers to the presence of a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking variables?

    <p>Plausibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design is always carried out retrospectively and selects the sample based on outcome status?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design involves selecting participants based on exposure and putting them into exposed vs non-exposed groups?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the plausibility criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>There is a plausible pathophysiological mechanism linking the exposure to the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the consistency criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The association between the exposure and outcome is consistent across multiple studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four key types of study design mentioned in the text?

    <p>Experimental study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the biological gradient criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The greater viral load of HIV leading to a greater progression and mortality of AIDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following study designs is considered the best evidence for establishing a causal association between HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Randomized controlled trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'plausibility' refer to in the context of the HIV/AIDS case-control study?

    <p>The presence of a unique physiological mechanism of how HIV aids through the loss of lymphocytes compared to other similar animal viruses causing immunodeficiencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the analogy criterion for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>The association between HIV and AIDS across multiple study designs, locations, settings, and time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a cross-sectional study design in the context of studying HIV/AIDS?

    <p>To identify relevant exposures quickly and easily and collect data from surveys or patient records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for causation according to the Bradford-Hill criteria?

    <p>Biological gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser