Epidemiology Study Designs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of study design is used when researchers enroll two groups of participants with positive HIV status but different antiretroviral therapy regimens to establish the effect on renal disease development?

  • Cohort study (correct)
  • Ecological study
  • Case-control study
  • Cross-sectional study
  • What type of study is characterized by assessing the prevalence of cholera carriers across three villages with different types of water supply?

  • Cross-sectional study (correct)
  • Experimental study
  • Cohort study
  • Case-control study
  • What study design is exemplified by investigating 500 women aged 40-54 regarding their meat consumption and subsequent diagnosis of colorectal cancer over five years?

  • Ecological study
  • Case-control study
  • Cohort study (correct)
  • Cross-sectional study
  • In a study assessing cholera carriers, why is it not a case-control study despite recent cholera deaths?

    <p>It does not identify a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the study involving the assessment of meat consumption among women categorized as a cohort study?

    <p>It involves following a group over time to observe outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the participants who consumed alcohol had diabetes?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exposure being investigated in the study?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is the study measuring?

    <p>Development of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study design is used in this research?

    <p>Case-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many participants in the study consumed alcohol?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total sample size of the study?

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of this study?

    <p>To identify the effect of alcohol on diabetes development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the participants had a positive alcohol drinking status?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the incidence of angina pectoris in persons older than 50 years in city N in 1998?

    <p>18 per 100 population per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistic represents the prevalence of dysentery in the population of city N?

    <p>85.2 per 100 thousand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total annual prevalence rate of disease X in the city of N in 1991?

    <p>105.6 per 100 thousand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the prevalence rate of long-term disease X decrease in city N?

    <p>1998</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred as a reason for the low prevalence of disease X over time?

    <p>Reducing the risk of new cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of prevalence is reflected by the absence of new cases of Ebola virus in the United States between January 1, 1997, and January 1, 1998?

    <p>Period prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average proportion of cured patients with arterial hypertension in large cities of country N from 1990-1998?

    <p>25.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor did not contribute to increasing life expectancy of patients with disease X?

    <p>Increasing the death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'numerator of prevalence' refer to?

    <p>Number of all cases of a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes incidence?

    <p>It only considers new cases occurring within a specified time frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT included when calculating incidence?

    <p>Existing cases of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases does prevalence encompass?

    <p>All diseases, regardless of etiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Odds Ratio in studies examining the association between hypertension and stroke?

    <p>(60/60+40)/(25/75)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to determine the Relative Risk in the study associating obesity with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>(85/85+15)/(25/25+75)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the risk of contracting a disease defined in relation to population groups?

    <p>As the average risk of specific groups over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly included when assessing prevalence in a defined territory?

    <p>All cases regardless of when they occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a priority area for the application of cohort epidemiological studies?

    <p>Chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cohort study differ from a case-control study?

    <p>Cohort studies recruit subjects based on their exposure status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect distinguishes incidence from prevalence?

    <p>Incidence is concerned with new cases only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study of pancreatic cancer, which analytical study type is commonly employed?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiological terms, what does the numerator of incidence quantitatively represent?

    <p>The number of new cases during a specified time period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What expression best describes the risk ratio in relation to obesity and diabetes type 2?

    <p>(85/85+25)/(15/15+75)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding cohort studies?

    <p>Cohort studies are ideal for investigating chronic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best explains the relationship studied between obesity and diabetes type 2?

    <p>Obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes type 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people who smoke develop lung cancer?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lung cancer development percentage among non-smokers?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context given, what measure of association is likely to be used in the pancreatic cancer study?

    <p>Odds Ratio (OR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a key feature of a cross-sectional study?

    <p>It provides information on prevalence rather than incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of rare diseases in epidemiological studies?

    <p>They often have multiple causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a priority area of application for case-control studies in epidemiology?

    <p>Identify diseases with rare causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is typically associated with analytical studies?

    <p>Causality determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is often more useful in descriptive epidemiology compared to analytic epidemiology?

    <p>Prevalence information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on different epidemiological study designs with this quiz. Explore various methodologies, such as cohort studies and prevalence assessments, in the context of health outcomes. Engage with questions around study characteristics and outcomes to solidify your understanding.

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