Epidemiology Study Designs Quiz

<p>It does not identify a control group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves following a group over time to observe outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case-control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the effect of alcohol on diabetes development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 per 100 population per year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>85.2 per 100 thousand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>105.6 per 100 thousand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1998 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing the risk of new cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Period prevalence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25.3% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the death rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of all cases of a disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It only considers new cases occurring within a specified time frame. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Existing cases of disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All diseases, regardless of etiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(60/60+40)/(25/75) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(85/85+15)/(25/25+75) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the average risk of specific groups over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All cases regardless of when they occurred (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort studies recruit subjects based on their exposure status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence is concerned with new cases only. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case-control study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of new cases during a specified time period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(85/85+25)/(15/15+75) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort studies are ideal for investigating chronic diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes type 2. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odds Ratio (OR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides information on prevalence rather than incidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often have multiple causes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify diseases with rare causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causality determination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevalence information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

The number of new cases of a disease in a specific population over a defined period of time.

The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific point in time.

The incidence of a disease in a specific population over a specific time period, expressed as the number of new cases per 100,000 people.

The number of deaths from a specific disease in a population over a defined period of time.

Refers to the prevalence of a disease over a period of time, typically used for chronic diseases that last for a long time.

The prevalence of a disease at a specific point in time.

The prevalence of a disease over a person's lifetime.

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a defined period of time, specifically when there are no new cases.

A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome in a case-control study. It is calculated as the odds of exposure in cases divided by the odds of exposure in controls.

A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome in a cohort study. It is calculated as the risk of the outcome in the exposed group divided by the risk of the outcome in the unexposed group.

A type of observational study that follows a group of individuals over time to see the development of a disease or outcome. It allows researchers to study the incidence of a disease in relation to various exposures.

A type of observational study that compares a group of cases with a disease to a control group without the disease. It is used to investigate the association between exposure and disease.

A study that aims to investigate the effect of an intervention or treatment on a specific outcome. Participants are randomly assigned to different groups.

The difference between the incidence rate of a disease in the exposed group and the incidence rate in the unexposed group.

A study that investigates the association between an exposure and an outcome in a population. It involves collecting data on both exposure and outcome status.

A study that compares the incidence of a disease in two different groups, one exposed to the risk factor and the other not exposed, over a specific period of time. Often used to investigate the effects of environmental factors on disease.

The factor being investigated, or the factor that is thought to influence the outcome. In this case, it is alcohol consumption.

The health outcome or disease being studied. In this study, the outcome is "diabetes."

A type of observational study where data is collected at a single point in time, allowing researchers to study the association between exposure and outcome at a specific moment.

The proportion of individuals in the exposed group who develop the outcome, expressed as a decimal or percentage.

The odds of developing diabetes in individuals who drink alcohol compared to those who don't drink.

A statistical measure that quantifies the strength of the association between alcohol consumption and diabetes, representing the relative risk of developing diabetes in those who drink alcohol compared to those who don't.

The proportion of diabetes cases among alcohol drinkers that can be attributed to alcohol consumption.

This is a descriptive measure expressing the proportion of individuals in a population who have a certain condition or characteristic, in this case, having diabetes.

Researchers investigate the association between an exposure and an outcome by comparing a group with the disease (cases) to a group without the disease (controls).

A study where researchers collect data on several groups (villages in this example) at a specific point in time to observe the prevalence of a disease or outcome.

A research design that observes a group of individuals (cohort) over time to study the development of a disease or outcome, often in relation to exposures or risk factors.

A study that involves comparing health outcomes between two groups with different levels of exposure to a risk factor, typically in different geographic areas or populations.

The number of all cases of a disease at a specific point in time, in a given population.

The number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specific timeframe, within a defined population.

It represents the number of people living with a particular disease at a given time, in a defined population.

It measures the rate of new cases happening in a specific population over a certain period.

It provides a snapshot of the current state of the disease, showing the overall burden of the disease in a population.

This helps understand how quickly the disease is spreading, which is essential for public health interventions.

It is calculated by dividing the total number of new cases by the total population at risk.

It is calculated by dividing the number of existing cases by the total population at risk.

The relative risk (RR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome in a cohort study. It is calculated by dividing the risk of the outcome in the exposed group by the risk of the outcome in the unexposed group.

The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome in a case-control study. It is calculated as the odds of exposure in cases divided by the odds of exposure in controls.

Cross-sectional studies provide information on prevalence rather than incidence at a specific point in time. This means they are used to investigate the proportion of individuals with a specific disease or condition within a population at that particular moment.

An analytic study aims to investigate the association between an exposure and an outcome. It involves collecting data on both the exposure status and the outcome status of individuals in a population.

Epidemiological case-control studies are used to study rare diseases or outcomes, where a large number of people may be needed to find enough cases. They are also useful for investigating the different effects of multiple causes on a single consequence.

Priority areas of application for case-control studies include investigating rare causes of disease, rare diseases, the different effects of one cause on various outcomes, and investigating possible chronic disease outcomes.