Untitled Quiz

Time complexity refers to the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm as a function of the input size.

Data structure is a way to organize and store data for efficient access and modification. Types include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.

Omega notation describes the lower bound of an algorithm's running time. An example is the search operation in a sorted array, which has Omega(n) complexity.

<p>Best case describes the scenario where an algorithm performs the least number of operations, average case is the expected number of operations, and worst case is the maximum number of operations in any scenario.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>File organization refers to the way data is stored in files, while data structure is a way of storing and organizing data in memory for effective usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Big O notation describes the upper bound of an algorithm's running time. An example is the linear search, which has a complexity of O(n).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer. Linear data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time complexity consists of components including the number of operations performed based on input size. An example is O(n^2) for bubble sort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymptotic notation describes the behavior of an algorithm as the input size approaches infinity, using notations like Big O, Omega, and Theta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theta notation provides a tight bound on the runtime of an algorithm, representing both upper and lower bounds. An example is Θ(n) for linear search.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An array is a collection of elements identified by index or key. The storage structure is contiguous memory allocation, allowing direct access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A multidimensional array is an array of arrays, allowing storage of data in multiple dimensions. An example is a 2D array representing a matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack can be represented using an array by using an index to track the top element, where operations push and pop adjust the index.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack is a linear data structure that follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, where elements are added or removed from the top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack is defined as a collection of elements with operations including push (adding) and pop (removing) the top element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack can be represented using a linked list where each node points to the next node, allowing dynamic size adjustments for push and pop operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Push adds an element to the top of the stack, while pop removes the top element. Example code: <code>void push(int data) { ... } void pop() { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A queue is a linear data structure following First In First Out (FIFO) principle, with operations enqueue (adding) and dequeue (removing). Example code: <code>void enqueue(int data) { ... } void dequeue() { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A circular queue is a queue where the last position is connected to the first position, allowing reuse of empty spaces. Example: when one finishes processing jobs, the next can use the freed space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A queue can be implemented using a linked list where nodes represent each element, allowing dynamic memory allocation for enqueue and dequeue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Queue operations using an array include enqueue (add to back) and dequeue (remove from front), employing circular indexing for efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dequeue is a double-ended queue where elements can be added or removed from both ends. For example, it can serve as a buffer to handle tasks in both directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A priority queue is an abstract data type where each element has a priority. An example is task scheduling, where tasks with higher priority are processed first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear data structures store elements sequentially, while non-linear data structures store them in hierarchical or interconnected ways, like trees or graphs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linked list is a linear data structure where elements (nodes) point to the next node. Operations include insertion, deletion, and traversal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linear list can be represented using an array by indexing elements sequentially, enabling direct access to each item.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linear list is a linear data structure where elements are arranged sequentially. Operations include insertion, deletion, and traversal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements can be inserted at the beginning of a linked list by creating a new node and pointing it to the current head. Example code: <code>void insertAtBeginning(int data) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To insert an element in the middle, traverse to the desired position, adjust pointers accordingly. Example code: <code>void insertInMiddle(int data, int position) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A doubly linked list is a type of linked list with nodes that have pointers to both the next and previous nodes. Operations include insertion, deletion, and traversal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To insert an element at the beginning, create a new node, point its next to the current head and adjust pointers accordingly. Example code: <code>void insertAtBeginning(int data) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insert an element in the middle by adjusting pointers of surrounding nodes. Example code: <code>void insertInMiddle(int data, int position) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sorting is the process of arranging data in a specific order, and types include quick sort, merge sort, bubble sort, and selection sort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrays are contiguous memory locations with fixed sizes, while linked lists are dynamic and consist of nodes connected through pointers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A singly linked list has nodes with a single pointer to the next node, while a doubly linked list has nodes with pointers to both the next and previous nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection sort works by repeatedly finding the minimum element and moving it to the beginning. For example, in an array, repeatedly select the smallest and place it in the front.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Example code for selection sort: <code>void selectionSort(int arr[], int n) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insertion sort builds a sorted portion of the array by picking elements one by one and placing them at the correct location. For example, insert the next element into the sorted section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Example code for bubble sort: <code>void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubble sort compares adjacent elements, swapping them if they are in the wrong order. For example, in an array, the largest elements 'bubble' to the top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Example code for insertion sort: <code>void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear search checks each element in a list for a target value. For example, in an array, iterate through each index until the value is found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Example code for linear search: <code>int linearSearch(int arr[], int n, int key) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal sorting occurs in the main memory, while external sorting is used when data exceeds RAM capacity, requiring external memory access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Example code for binary search: <code>int binarySearch(int arr[], int n, int key) { ... }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary search works on sorted arrays by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. For example, check if the target is less than or greater than the middle element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tree is a hierarchical data structure with nodes connected by edges. Terminologies include root, leaf, parent, child, and height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trees can be represented using linked nodes, arrays, or parent-child relationships. Each node can point to child nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has two children at most. Types include full binary trees, complete binary trees, and balanced binary trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary trees can be represented using linked structures or arrays, with each node pointing to its left and right children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In-order traversal visits nodes in left-root-right order. For example, in a binary tree, this means visiting the left subtree, the root, then the right subtree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pre-order traversal visits nodes in root-left-right order. For example, visit the root first, then recursively visit the left subtree, followed by the right subtree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-order traversal visits nodes in left-right-root order. For example, it visits all nodes in the left subtree, followed by the right subtree, and then visits the root.</p> Signup and view all the answers