WTAMU EDEC Final Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Piaget's theory about cognitive development seeks to explain how individuals perceive, think, understand, and learn. This is which type of theory?

Behaviorist theory

Cognitive theory

Constructivist theory

Logicomathematical theory (correct)

Active learning is an essential part of constructivism. It means that children construct knowledge through what?

physical and mental activity

Learning drives development and the experiences children have influence this development. Therefore, what do teachers need to provide?

high-quality learning experience for all children

For early childhood professionals, which terms are important in understanding the Vygotskian theory?

scaffolding, social interactions, zone of proximal development Signup and view all the answers

An increasing number of children lack the social skills necessary for school readiness and success. In this chapter, you learned that more preschoolers _____________________.

are expelled from school each year than teenagers Signup and view all the answers

Many early childhood programs provide children with breakfast, lunch, and snacks throughout the day to aid achievement and concentration in school. This practice is supported by a theory from which theorist?

Abraham Maslow Signup and view all the answers

In the preschool years, children need to be given opportunities to respond with initiative to activities and tasks. According to which theorist is this important?

Erik Erikson Signup and view all the answers

Nathan likes to take his students outdoors and plans several field trips a year. According to Gardner, this approach appeals to which intelligence?

naturalist intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Researchers have found that a child's school performance, both academically and socially, can be predicted by what?

early teacher-child relationship Signup and view all the answers

Each of the early childhood programs models discussed are unique, while still sharing what as a common primary goal?

respect for each child and how to provide the best education for all children Signup and view all the answers

The three highly respected childhood program models discussed in length in this chapter are which?

Montessori, High Scope, and Regio Emilia Signup and view all the answers

Implementing the High Scope approach has several advantages, including what?

High Scope offers a method for implementing a constructivist-based program rooted in Piagetian cognitive theory. Signup and view all the answers

One of the elements of HighScope early childhood program includes keeping notes about significant behaviors and changes. What is this element called?

assessment Signup and view all the answers

The High/Scope early childhood program promotes what?

active learning Signup and view all the answers

The text defines child care as what?

a comprehensive service to children and families that supplements the care children receive from their families Signup and view all the answers

According to the textbook, parents and other primary caregivers base their decisions about using child care primarily on which three factors?

Quality Signup and view all the answers

Research has proven that child care assistance is positively associated with what?

the long-term employment and financial well-being of parents Signup and view all the answers

At the Loving Care Child Center, caregivers for the children are trained in early-childhood development. This is part of what?

a quality early childhood program Signup and view all the answers

The organization that has established a national accreditation system for early childhood programs is which?

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Signup and view all the answers

When selecting child care parents rate warmth of caregivers as most important. What is the biggest challenge child care faces?

providing these qualities in a way that responds to families' culture and language Signup and view all the answers

Higher expectations for kindergarten children are not good because they can't be implemented in developmentally appropriate ways.

False Signup and view all the answers

Kemi is the teacher in an alternative kindergarten program. She has spent two years with the same group of children. What program is she most likely in?

looping Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for longer school days and full-day kindergarten programs?

an increase in the number of working parents and recognition that the sooner some children enter kindergarten, the sooner they will be able to learn Signup and view all the answers

Becoming literate is a taught process not a natural one.

True Signup and view all the answers

Teaching math in kindergarten should promote which five processes?

problem solving, reasoning, communication, making connections, and designing and analyzing representations Signup and view all the answers

What is a good way for Kristin to capitalize on her students' interest in books and help them learn to read?

group reading Signup and view all the answers

Amira's literacy development before receiving formal reading and writing instruction is known as what?

emergent literacy Signup and view all the answers

The practice of holding a child out of school for a year to give them an opportunity to mature is called what?

redshirting Signup and view all the answers

One of the best opportunities to apply Vygotsky's ideas, especially scaffolding, is in which area?

Math Signup and view all the answers

Jessica is the teacher in an alternative kindergarten program. What kind of program is she most likely in?

developmental kindergarten Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will Tracy most likely experience when she returns to the classroom as a teacher?

State governments specifying curriculum Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of Piaget's cognitive development would an 8 1/2 year old boy typically be?

Concrete operations Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of moral thinking identified by Piaget that are typical of children in the elementary grades?

Heteronomy and autonomy Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of moral development conceptualized by Kohlberg?

Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a program designed to teach a set of traditional core values?

Character education Signup and view all the answers

At which level of moral development is Tyler likely to be, given his actions in the classroom?

Preconventional Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the behavior of the child in stage 2 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development?

Children's actions are motivated by satisfaction of needs Signup and view all the answers

Discussion groups in which children meet regularly to talk about books are called what?

Literacy circles Signup and view all the answers

What is the process designed to help children use and develop strategies of independent reading?

Guided reading Signup and view all the answers

What teaching practice is Beverly implementing?

Intentional teaching Signup and view all the answers

The arrangement of standards, curriculum, and tests so they complement each other is known as what?

Alignment Signup and view all the answers

There will be more emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT:

Higher achievement Signup and view all the answers

A condition in which children think their failures are because they lack the ability is called what?

Learned helplessness Signup and view all the answers

What is the involvement of children in activities that lead to learning called?

Inquiry learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the multi-tiered approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior called?

Response to Instruction/Intervention (RTI) Signup and view all the answers

What practice requires teachers to continuously assess students and adjust instruction accordingly?

Differentiated instruction Signup and view all the answers

What is a rich tool for engaging teachers and young children in STEM?

Robotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Avance parenting program?

It provides a one-time workshop Signup and view all the answers

What guideline is Jana using to involve parents and families in her classroom?

Support families in their roles as the first teachers to their children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for teaching multiculturalism?

Share your cultural background Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protected right under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Amendment Act (2004)?

The rights to take children to a clinic for services Signup and view all the answers

What should a teacher ensure to prevent disproportionate representation of diverse learners in special education?

Make reasonable accommodations and modifications within their classroom Signup and view all the answers

What is John aware of regarding families without Internet access?

The digital divide in the United States Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a true concern regarding the OSEP and OCR's placement of students from diverse backgrounds into special education?

Parents wanting extra help for their children Signup and view all the answers

Chronic absence from school is defined as missing what percentage of the school year?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested strategy for being culturally sensitive with language-minority parents?

Base goals on the mission of the school Signup and view all the answers

What best defines cultural competence?

The ability to interact effectively with children, families, and colleagues of different cultures Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is the teacher NOT practicing cultural competence?

Saying a student's name is too hard to pronounce Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in conflict resolution?

Give children solutions to the problem Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment method does Sharon use when she collects children's work samples?

Authentic assessment Signup and view all the answers

What method is the most powerful and widely used by early childhood educators for assessment?

Observation Signup and view all the answers

Appropriate assessment strategies aim to find answers to all questions EXCEPT:

How children respond to discipline Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the High/Scope Child Observation Record (COR)?

To assess a child's development by observing classroom activities Signup and view all the answers

What does a comprehensive screening program include?

Checking the child's vision, speech, and hearing Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment does a teacher demonstrate when examining a child's painting?

Authentic assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of authentic assessment that involves compiling children's work samples and observations?

Portfolio Signup and view all the answers

How do formal assessments differ from informal assessments?

In formal assessments, guidelines are set and standard procedures are followed Signup and view all the answers

What assessment type does the preschool teacher use when checking off information on a rubric?

Observation and checklist Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment process is Pat using when she collects various work samples?

Portfolios Signup and view all the answers

What guideline does John need to review when meeting with Timmy's parents?

Provide parents with ideas and information to help their children learn Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical fact about brain development for Janice as an early childhood educator?

Brain connections develop through warm, loving interactions with adults Signup and view all the answers

What causes a child's language delay if their caregiver seldom talked to them?

Brain connections that are not used may wither away Signup and view all the answers

Which principle governs human motor development?

Maturation of the motor system proceeds from gross to fine behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is more likely a result of nurture or environmental factors?

Maria's large vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

What type of speech is Maria using when she says, 'Go out'?

Telegraphic speech Signup and view all the answers

What reason best shows the popularity of preschool?

Bobby struggles to find affordable care for his children Signup and view all the answers

How can Jane support children's learning during the preoperational stage of development?

Use hands-on activities for active involvement Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about Matthew's readiness for kindergarten?

He shows readiness for kindergarten Signup and view all the answers

Which action would NOT help Tara support a quality play curriculum?

Use worksheets for drills Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important readiness skill necessary for success in school and life?

Language Signup and view all the answers

Children's outside play is ________.

just as important as their inside play Signup and view all the answers

Which reason is NOT important to know about the great educators of the past?

Shows what works for one population works for another Signup and view all the answers

Which individual emphasized the necessity of setting up schools to teach children to read?

Martin Luther Signup and view all the answers

Which early educator is credited with the view that children are born as blank tablets?

John Locke Signup and view all the answers

What did John Amos Comenius call the process of putting things before the senses?

Golden rule of teaching Signup and view all the answers

Which early educator advocated for naturalism in education?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Signup and view all the answers

What is the best teaching practice according to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi?

Teach children, not subjects Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes John's approach to education when he supports his students' growth?

Child-centered Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of employees with disabilities perform at the same level or better than others?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What does being an intentional teacher mean for Jana?

Guides, directs, and prepares the learning environment Signup and view all the answers

A central theme of educators like Luther, Comenius, and Montessori is that we must care about those whom we have been called to serve.

true Signup and view all the answers

What best describes differentiated instruction?

Adapting instruction to meet the needs of each student Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive and behavioral outcomes from experiences are called what?

Learning Signup and view all the answers

How should Jane plan experiences based on her students' backgrounds?

Plan new experiences based on the children's previous experiences Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Teaching Career Transition

Tracy returns to teaching after a 15-year hiatus, likely facing state-mandated curriculum and testing requirements.

Piaget's Cognitive Development

Kevin, an 8.5-year-old boy, is in the concrete operations stage of cognitive development.
Two stages of moral thinking in elementary grades: heteronomy and autonomy.

Kohlberg's Moral Development

Kohlberg identified three moral development levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
At the preconventional level, actions are driven by need satisfaction, illustrated by Tyler's cleanup decision.

Literacy and Teaching Practices

Literacy circles facilitate discussions among children about books.
Guided reading helps children develop independent reading strategies.
Intentional teaching emphasizes skills necessary for student success.

Educational Alignment and Change

Alignment refers to harmonizing standards, curriculum, and assessments.
Future educational demands favor higher achievement, but this is not the only emphasis.

Child Development and Learning Theories

Learned helplessness describes children who attribute failures to a lack of ability.
Inquiry learning engages children in active learning processes.
Response to Instruction/Intervention (RTI) is a multi-tiered support strategy for diverse learners.

Parent Involvement in Education

Character education promotes core values for moral character and civic virtue.
Effective communication with parents is critical for student advancement, as shown by Jana's actions.
Cultural competence involves interacting effectively across diverse backgrounds.

Special Education and Diverse Learners

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Amendment Act (2004) enhances parental roles in special education.
Teachers must make accommodations to prevent disproportionate representation in special education programs.

Assessment Methods in Early Education

Authentic assessment evaluates students' work without comparison to peers.
Observation is a primary assessment method used by early childhood educators.
Portfolios compile children's work over time, showcasing their development.

Play and Development

Outdoor play is as vital as indoor play for children's development.
Language skills are essential for children's readiness for school.

Historical Influences in Education

Historical educators like Martin Luther emphasized universal education and literacy.
John Locke proposed that experiences shape children's learning and development.

Developmental Theories

Erik Erikson highlights the necessity of initiative during preschool years for a sense of purpose.
Vygotskian theory focuses on scaffolding and the social nature of learning.

School Readiness Concerns

Increased preschool expulsions reflect social skill deficits among young children.
Abraham Maslow's theory supports providing meals to enhance student concentration and achievement.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Nathan's outdoor exploration and hands-on learning cater to various intelligences according to Gardner's theory.### Naturalist Intelligence
Refers to the ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other elements of nature, playing a significant role in education.

Early Teacher-Child Relationship

Predicts a child’s academic and social performance; emphasizes the importance of strong connections between teachers and students.

Common Goal of Early Childhood Programs

All models aim to respect each child and deliver optimal education regardless of approach.

Respected Childhood Program Models

Key models discussed: Montessori, High Scope, and Reggio Emilia, each with unique methodologies.

High Scope Approach Advantages

Incorporates constructivism based on Piagetian cognitive theory, facilitating active child participation in learning.

HighScope Elements

Assessment includes documentation of significant behaviors and changes to deepen understanding of children's learning processes.

Active Learning in High/Scope

The program promotes hands-on experiences, encouraging children’s exploration and engagement in their learning journey.

Child Care Definition

Viewed as a comprehensive service enhancing care beyond the family, encompassing educational and developmental support.

Factors Influencing Child Care Choices

Parents prioritize accessibility, quality, and affordability when selecting suitable child care options.

Child Care Assistance Benefits

Linked to improved long-term employment prospects and financial stability for parents, highlighting its importance.

Quality Early Childhood Program Characteristics

Caregivers trained in early childhood development employ a child-oriented philosophy, ensuring a supportive learning environment.

NAEYC Accreditation

The National Association for the Education of Young Children establishes national standards to help families identify quality early childhood programs.

Child Care Challenges

Providing warmth, a play-based curriculum, and qualified caregivers while respecting families' cultural and linguistic backgrounds.

Changes in Kindergarten Classrooms

Increased expectations for children can be challenging; these should be implemented in developmentally appropriate ways.

Looping Kindergarten Program

Kemi, teaching the same group of children for two years, exemplifies a looping approach, allowing deeper relationships and continuity.

Full-Day Kindergarten Programs

Driven by more working parents and the understanding that early kindergarten entry enhances learning opportunities.

Emergent Literacy Concepts

Emergent literacy is seen as a natural process; being literate emerges through interaction, not mere instruction in isolation.

Math Curriculum Integration

Aligning math instruction with National Council of Teachers of Mathematics emphasizes problem-solving, reasoning, communication, and representation.

Group Reading Strategies

An effective method to engage students’ interest in books and foster early reading skills.

Emergent Literacy

Refers to learning experiences before formal instruction, reflecting pre-reading and writing developments in children.

Redshirting Practice

Holding a child back a year from school to allow further maturity, addressing social, intellectual, and physical readiness.

Vygotsky's Scaffolding Application

Particularly effective in teaching math, where structured support enhances understanding and skill acquisition.

Developmental Kindergarten

Jessica teaches children aged four to six, demonstrating a focus on individual developmental needs within an alternative program.

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Description

Prepare for your EDEC final exam with these flashcards designed specifically for WTAMU students. This quiz covers essential concepts related to education and teaching experiences, focusing on practical scenarios teachers may face. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of returning to teaching after a break.