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• Tourism includes the activities of people traveling to and staying outside their usual environment for less than one consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes.
• Tourism's impact on a country can be understood by assessing its costs and benefits.
• Analyzing economic, environmental, and sociocultural factors is essential before starting any tourism project.

Economic Disadvantages of Tourism

• Inflation increases general prices of land, housing, and food due to extra demands from tourists.
• Economic leakage limits tourism's economic benefits when money doesn't stay in the country because the local economy can't meet tourist demands and relies on imported goods.
• Overdependence on tourism revenue can lead to economic crises if demand changes.

Economic Advantages of Tourism

• Tourism generates income through foreign exchange earnings when foreign travelers exchange their currency.
• Government revenues are generated through taxes from the expanding tourism sector.
• Increased tourist arrivals generate employment through the creation of tourism jobs and businesses.
• The multiplier effect refers to how many times money spent by a tourist cycles through a country's economy.

Environmental Disadvantages of Tourism

• Improper waste disposal from tourism establishments causes litter, vermin, and pollution.
• Ecological disruption results from tourists overusing the natural environment, leading to stunted vegetation growth and deforestation.
• Environmental hazards caused by poor engineering design for tourist facilities can lead to erosion, landslides, flooding, and avalanches.

Environmental Advantages of Tourism

• Tourism can help conserve natural areas and develop parks for tourist attractions.
• Tourism helps preserve archaeological and historical locations, as they are used for tourist consumption.
• Tourism helps improve rural or urban landscapes by building well-designed tourist facilities like attractive hotels.

Sociocultural Disadvantages of Tourism

• Over-commercialization of traditional arts and crafts can lead to a loss of authenticity to suit tourist demands.
• Cultural clashes can occur due to differences in cultures, ethnic and religious groups, values, lifestyles, and languages.
• Overcrowding of amenities, shopping, and transportation systems due to tourists may limit residents' access.

Sociocultural Advantages of Tourism

• Tourism can help conserve essential elements of cultural heritage by preserving archaeological sites and revitalizing traditional arts.
• Tourism promotes cross-cultural exchange between tourists and residents, increasing mutual understanding and respect.
• Tourists appreciating the culture of a host community gives residents a renewed sense of pride.
• Tourism creates jobs, strengthens the local economy, and enhances local infrastructure.
• Tourism can conserve the natural environment and reduce global poverty and inequality.

Global Tourism

• Global tourism, also known as international tourism, is the large-scale movement of goods, services, and people.
• International tourists are those who travel to places outside their home country.
• International travel necessitates passports and visas.

Passport Information

• A passport is an official legal document allowing citizens to travel freely and receive aid/protection if needed.
• Regular passports are for Filipino citizens traveling abroad.
• Diplomatic passports are for diplomatic officials on assignment.
• Official passports are for government officials and employees on official travel.

Philippine Passport Acquisition

• Schedule an appointment through www.passport.gov.ph.
• Appear in person at the DFA with all required documents on the appointment date.
• Core requirements include an online appointment confirmation, application form, PSA Birth Certificate, and acceptable ID with a photocopy.
• Regular passports take around 12 working days, while expedited processing takes 6-7 days.
• Philippine passports are valid for ten years but only five years for citizens under 18.

Visa

• A visa is a travel document specifying how long a person can stay in a country.
• Some countries, like Singapore and Thailand, do not require visas for Filipinos.
• Politics/economics affect travel, as governments can encourage/discourage tourism through passport/visa rules, taxation, or currency exchange policies.

International Tourism Organizations

• International tourism organizations foster the interests of the global tourism industry.

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

• The UNWTO promotes responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism.
• The UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, development, and environmental sustainability, offering leadership and support to advance tourism policies.

World Tourism Organization Priorities

• Mainstreaming tourism includes advocating the value of tourism as a driver of socio-economic growth.
• Promoting sustainable tourism supports policies that optimally use environmental resources and respects communities.
• Fostering knowledge supports countries in education and provides networks for knowledge creation.
• Improving tourism competitiveness enhances UNWTO members' policy planning, resource development, and crisis management.
• Advancing tourism's contribution to poverty reduction maximizes tourism as a tool for development.
• Building partnerships engages the private sector, regional organizations, academia, and the UN system.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

• UNEP is the global environmental authority that sets the environmental agenda and promotes sustainable development.
• UNEP aims to improve the quality of life without compromising future generations, focusing on low-carbon economies.

UNEP Projects

• Climate change action promotes regional understanding in developing countries with fragile mountain ecosystems.
• Powering an eye on the environment for Central Asia works with partners to minimize tourism's environmental impact.
• Paving new paths to biodiversity conservation supports expanding protected areas and capacity-building for biodiversity integration

World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

• The WTTC promotes sustainable growth in the travel and tourism sector, working with governments and institutions to create jobs and drive exports.
• Its mission is to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth of tourism through public-private collaboration.

WTTC Initiatives

• Security and travel facilitation encourages public-private collaboration.
• Sustainable growth ensures that tourism benefits everyone and protects cultural and natural heritage.
• Crisis preparedness brings the public/private sectors to enhance tourism's resilience to crises.

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)

• PATA catalyzes the responsible development of travel and tourism within the Asia Pacific region.
• PATA provides aligned advocacy and research to organizations in this region.
• PATA supports freedom of movement without prejudice.
• PATA ensures equal opportunity for all travelers without discrimination.
• PATA encourages stakeholders to embrace tolerance.

World Leisure Organization (WLO)

• WLO fosters conditions for leisure to serve as a force for human growth and well-being.
• WLO fosters knowledge transfer through educational events and publications.
• WLO enhances research on the relationship of leisure to identity and transformation.
• WLO advocates for leisure by creating policy statements and legislative acts.

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

• IATA is the trade association for the world’s airlines, representing 300 airlines or 83% of total air traffic.
• IATA represents/leads the airline industry and helps airlines operate safely and efficiently.
• IATA improves the understanding of the air transport industry among decision-makers.