World Regional Geography: Sub-Saharan Africa
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Questions and Answers

Which country has a population exceeding 50 million?

  • Zimbabwe
  • Uganda
  • Ethiopia (correct)
  • South Africa (correct)

    • What is the predicted population of Sub-Saharan Africa by 2050 according to the UN?

  • Exactly 2 billion
  • Between 1 and 1.5 billion
  • Over 2.5 billion
  • Between 1.5 and 2 billion (correct)

    • What percentage of the population in sub-Saharan countries is younger than 15 years old?

  • More than 40% (correct)
  • Around 40%
  • Exactly 50%
  • Less than 20%

    • What is significant about the fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It is the highest in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature characterizes much of Africa?

    <p>Vast plateaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climate zone is NOT mentioned as part of the main climate zones in the region?

    <p>Oceanic Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lakes is part of the Great Lakes of the Albertine Rift?

    <p>Lake Edward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest point on the African continent?

    <p>Mount Kilimanjaro (Kibo)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant biome in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Savanna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common land use practice in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Commercial agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem is consistently faced in Sub-Saharan Africa concerning land use?

    <p>Drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agriculture is primarily practiced in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals is classified as a large herbivore found in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Giraffe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the climatic distribution of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Uneven precipitation distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do national parks play in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Significant contributor to tourism revenue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by high biodiversity including numerous species of insects and birds?

    <p>Tropical Rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries are excluded from the definition of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate population of Sub-Saharan Africa as of 2019?

    <p>1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a reason for the preference for large families in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Extra hands for work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these countries belongs to the East Africa sub-region?

    <p>Uganda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total land area covered by Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>28 million square km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is part of Central Africa?

    <p>Democratic Republic of the Congo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is commonly seen in specific areas of Sub-Saharan Africa regarding its population density?

    <p>Sparsely populated in most areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-region includes countries like Djibouti and Ethiopia?

    <p>The Horn of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing the climate variation across Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Elevation changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peak is classified as the highest point in Africa?

    <p>Mount Kilimanjaro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common among the majority of Sub-Saharan African countries regarding fertility rates?

    <p>They possess the highest fertility rates in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total population growth rate currently observed in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>2.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is prominent in the geography of Africa affecting river navigation?

    <p>Rapids and waterfalls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following climate zones is identified in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Tropical Rainforest Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population in certain Sub-Saharan countries is younger than 15 years old?

    <p>More than 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these lakes is part of the Great Lakes of the Albertine Rift?

    <p>Lake Tanganyika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is one of the exclusions from Sub-Saharan Africa according to the UN Development Program?

    <p>Algeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which sub-region does the country Benin reside?

    <p>West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the preference for large families in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Ability to care for parents in old age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-region includes the countries Kenya and Uganda?

    <p>East Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of population distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Sparsely populated in most areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why large families convey status in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>More children bring economic benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT typical of Sub-Saharan Africa’s climate?

    <p>Temperate climate zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary agricultural practice in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Shifting cultivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is not typically classified as a large herbivore found in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Lion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue continually challenges agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome covers a significant portion of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Savanna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices is NOT commonly associated with subsistence agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Export-oriented farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform region is noted for the most productive lands in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>River plains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals is associated with dense tropical rainforests in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Hippopotamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of economy is primarily represented in Sub-Saharan Africa's land use?

    <p>Subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'failed-state syndrome' refer to?

    <p>A state that cannot project authority over its territory and peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'donor democracy'?

    <p>Leaders making minimal concessions to secure external aid without genuine reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of poor transportation infrastructure on agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It causes crop surpluses to remain isolated in regions of food shortages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has significantly limited Africa's access to global markets for imports?

    <p>Imposition of high tariffs and subsidies by other countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by Sub-Saharan Africa in relation to natural resource management?

    <p>Ineffective governance and corruption leading to mismanagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries are notably identified as terrorism hotspots in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Niger, Chad, and Mali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does China’s increasing role in Africa present to Western countries?

    <p>Concerns over political and military influence in the region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the commodities boom affect economic growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It brought annual growth rates between 5% to 16%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV/AIDS impact the geopolitical landscape of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It may lead to political instability or civil wars due to health crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by many Sub-Saharan African countries in terms of natural resource management?

    <p>Deterioration of existing mining infrastructure from neglect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant impacts of European colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Inhibition of the growth of indigenous African civilizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major cash crop grown in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Coffee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect contributes most to malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Growing military investments over food security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the preference for cash crops over subsistence crops in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Governmental policies favoring profitable exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization uses six official languages, including English and French, to operate in Africa?

    <p>African Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major problem do most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa face regarding economic mobility?

    <p>Lack of a significant middle class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural resource management issue consistently hinders agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Declining per capita food output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a geopolitical challenge faced by Sub-Saharan African nations?

    <p>Ambiguity of territorial boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral resource export is notably significant for many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Precious metals and stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has significantly hindered agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Poor transportation infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable economic consequence of the commodities boom in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Annual economic growth rates of about 5% to 16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed to high costs of agricultural inputs in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Deterioration of colonial infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable shift occurred in trade relations between China and Africa during the 1990s?

    <p>Trade increased by 700%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern have some Western countries expressed regarding China's involvement in Africa?

    <p>The significant roles in political, economic, and military aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'failed-state syndrome' primarily indicate?

    <p>A state unable to project authority and protect boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of 'donor democracy' in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Leaders make minimal reforms to obtain external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly identified as a terrorism hotspot in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Ghana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major humanitarian problems linked to Sub-Saharan Africa's public health?

    <p>HIV/AIDS prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does the management of Africa's natural resource wealth predominantly face?

    <p>Inequitable distribution of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant agricultural innovation occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa after 5000 B.C.E.?

    <p>Domestication of crops like millet and yams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a predominant language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Afro-Asiatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the legacy of colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Created socio-economic and political challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops is NOT mentioned as being domesticated in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many broad language families are recognized in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary religious belief system that considers various elements of nature to possess a distinct spiritual essence?

    <p>Animism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were regarded as significant impacts of European colonialism in Africa?

    <p>Economic underdevelopment linked to colonial ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crops are defined as crops grown primarily for sale rather than for consumption by the farmers?

    <p>Export crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the decline in per capita food output in most of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Preference for cash crops over subsistence crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral resources are noted as notable exports from Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Precious metals and stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world’s 30 poorest countries are located in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>25 countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for the malnutrition affecting children in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Focus on cash crop exports rather than nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Conference of Berlin play in the context of African colonialism?

    <p>Regulated European colonization and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic characteristic is primarily associated with most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Under industrialization with reliance on primary products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to spirituality, what is a noted aspect of belief systems in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Flexibility in changing affiliations and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has primarily attracted investment capital to Africa compared to other economic activities?

    <p>Mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors primarily hinders the development of infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Insufficient funding for new projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage increase in trade between China and Africa during the 1990s?

    <p>700%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of Africa's poor transportation infrastructure?

    <p>Decrease in agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of high tariffs and subsidies on African imports?

    <p>They reduce competition from foreign markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor signifies the harmful process of decay in certain African countries?

    <p>The existence of shell states with minimal governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'donor democracy' imply regarding leadership in some Sub-Saharan African countries?

    <p>Leaders make sufficient concessions solely to secure foreign aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of HIV/AIDS on governance in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It might contribute to political instability or civil wars due to its impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is considered a terrorism hotspot in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Kenya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four broad language families represented in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Afro-Asiatic, Niger-Congo, Austronesian, Indo-European</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops was domesticated in the indigenous regions of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Sorghum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following locations is NOT recognized as a culture hearth in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Nile Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these belief systems is significantly present in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Animism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the historical impact of colonialism on Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Legacy of colonialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indigenous belief system characterized by a spiritual essence attributed to objects and places?

    <p>Animism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops is considered a secondary cash crop in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which colonial power was the first to establish an empire in Africa?

    <p>Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has significantly contributed to malnutrition among children in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Rapid population growth and drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Conference of Berlin, held in 1884-1885, primarily focus on?

    <p>Regulating European colonization in Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, except for South Africa?

    <p>Heavy reliance on primary product exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a positive impact of European colonization in Africa?

    <p>Improvement of transportation infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the food output in Sub-Saharan Africa since independence?

    <p>It has significantly declined or remained flat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mineral resources is frequently exported from Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Precious metals and stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue do many African regimes prioritize over food security for their citizens?

    <p>Development of cash crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 9a: World Regional Geography - Sub-Saharan Africa

    • Sub-Saharan Africa is geographically the region of Africa south of the Sahara.
    • The UN Development Program lists 46 of Africa's 54 countries as sub-Saharan, excluding Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, and Tunisia.
    • Sub-Saharan Africa covers approximately 28 million square kilometers.
    • The population of Sub-Saharan Africa is roughly 1 billion (2019).
    • The region has areas of high population density, but significant portions are sparsely populated.

    Lecture Objectives

    • Explore Sub-Saharan Africa's region, area, and profile.
    • Explore Sub-Saharan Africa's sub-regions.
    • Understand Sub-Saharan Africa's population and distribution.
    • Understand Sub-Saharan Africa's topography and landforms.
    • Understand Sub-Saharan Africa's climates and biomes.
    • Understand Sub-Saharan Africa's land use.
    • Understand Sub-Saharan Africa's wildlife.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Area and Profile

    • Sub-Saharan Africa is the second largest landmass of all major world regions.
    • The current population growth rate is 2.3%.
    • The UN predicts Sub-Saharan Africa's population will be between 1.5 and 2 billion by 2050.
    • 40% of the population is younger than 15 years old, except for South Africa.
    • The region has a high fertility rate, with 40 of the top 50 countries topping the list; the fertility rate in this region exceeds 4 (2.1 is required to maintain population stability).

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-regions

    • West Africa
    • Central Africa
    • East Africa
    • Southern Africa
    • The Sahel
    • The Horn of Africa
    • Indian Ocean Islands

    Highest Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa (Above 50 million)

    • Nigeria
    • Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Kenya
    • Tanzania
    • Ethiopia
    • South Africa

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Topography

    • Most of Africa is a plateau or series of plateaus, with typical elevations above 300 meters in many areas.
    • Elevation in some areas rises to 1500 meters.
    • Rapids and waterfalls are common on most rivers, which impede navigation and create potential for hydroelectric energy production.
    • The Albertine Rift is heavily occupied by water, creating a region also known as the Great Lakes.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Topography (Cont.)

    • The Great Lakes of Tanganyika, Kivu, Edward, and Albert are part of the Albertine Rift.
    • The longest freshwater lake in the world is Lake Tanganyika, spanning around 640 km in length.
    • Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in the African continent at 5,184 meters; Kilimanjaro's two main peaks are Kibo and Mawenzi.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Climates and Biomes - a) Climates

    • Significant variation in climate due to latitude, altitude, and water proximity.
    • Key climates include Tropical Rainforest, Tropical Savanna, Semi-Arid (Sahel), Desert, Mediterranean, and Highland climates.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Climates and Biomes - b) Biomes

    • Savanna (Tropical Grassland) is the dominant biome.
    • Other biomes include Tropical Rainforest, Desert, Mediterranean, Mountain, and Temperate Grassland.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Landform

    • Most productive lands are in river valleys, volcanic regions and parts of grasslands.
    • Land use has been altered to support the growing population, including shortening fallow periods.
    • Sub-Saharan Africa soils are well-suited to subsistence agriculture and pastoralism.
    • Precipitation is a significant, but unevenly distributed feature, with drought a persistent problem.
    • Land use is primarily for shifting cultivation.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Land-Use

    • The dominant land use in Sub-Saharan Africa is subsistence agriculture.
    • Practices include shifting cultivation, mixed subsistence farming, and pastoralism.
    • Land use is frequently devoted to growing crops and raising animals for local consumption.

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Wildlife

    • Africa boasts a diverse array of mammals, including large herbivores like elephants, buffaloes, zebras, and giraffes, which feed on plants.
    • Carnivorous animals include lions, leopards, and hyenas, in addition to various antelope species.
    • There's a large variety of insects, birds, and monkeys.
    • Many rivers and streams support hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and many fish species.
    • National parks are a major source of tourism revenue.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Sub-Saharan Africa, exploring its geographical features, population distribution, and unique sub-regions. Learn about the area's topography, climates, biomes, and land use while gaining insights into one of Africa's most significant regions. Test your knowledge on the critical aspects of Sub-Saharan Africa's profile.

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