World History Quiz: Revolutions and Monarchs

In 1555, this treaty allowed German princes to determine the religion of their territories, but denied individual religious freedom. It meant that people had to follow the religion of their ruler, regardless of their own beliefs.

This radical Protestant group emphasized adult baptism, a return to early Christian practices, and separation between church and state. They were persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants due to their beliefs.

This Act severed ties between the Church of England and the Catholic Church, creating the Anglican Church. King Henry VIII's desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn drove this change.

Queen Mary I of England, known as "Bloody Mary," attempted to restore Catholicism to England by persecuting Protestants. Her efforts backfired, actually strengthening Protestant communities.

This law enacted by Queen Elizabeth I of England aimed to unify the country's religious beliefs. It tried to accommodate both Catholics and Protestants, but ultimately failed to satisfy all factions.

This military order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, was a key force in the Counter-Reformation. The Jesuits aimed to strengthen the Catholic Church by fighting Protestantism through education and other means.

Pope Paul III was a pivotal leader in the Catholic Counter-Reformation. He recognized the Jesuits, a key force in combating Protestantism, and convened the Council of Trent, which defined Catholic beliefs and reforms.

This church council, held from 1545 to 1563, served as the foundation of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It redefined Catholic doctrine and condemned Protestant beliefs.

Spanish explorer who conquered the Inca Empire in the 16th century. He brought European diseases, weapons, and allies, ultimately leading to the demise of the Inca. He also established Lima as the capital of a new Spanish colony.

An empire in India founded by the Timurids in the 16th century. It was known for its cultural achievements, economic prosperity, and powerful rulers.

A powerful Mughal emperor who is considered one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. He expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent and promoted peace and prosperity.

An Indian empire founded by Babar in 1526.

An English East India Company representative and military leader who played a key role in establishing British control over India in the 18th century. He led the British to victory at the Battle of Plassey, securing a major foothold for the British in Bengal.

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644. Known for its economic prosperity, artistic achievements, and expansion into Central Asian regions.

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1644 to 1912. They replaced the Ming Dynasty and established a long lasting era marked by peace and prosperity.

A political philosophy that emphasizes individual rights and the right to revolt against oppressive government. Locke believed that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that government should protect these rights. If a government fails to uphold these rights, citizens have the right to overthrow it.

The belief that no culture is inherently superior to another, and that cultural values are relative to the specific context of the group holding them. This means that cultural practices and beliefs should be understood and judged within their own cultural framework rather than imposed standards from another culture.

A type of reasoning that starts with a specific observation and uses logic to reach a general conclusion. It works by gathering evidence or observations and drawing inferences to establish a larger principle or theory.

The belief that all knowledge and ideas are derived from sensory experience, and that the mind is a blank slate at birth. Locke argued that our knowledge and understanding come from our interactions with the world through our senses and not predetermined by innate ideas.

A political philosopher who argued for absolute sovereignty and a strong centralized government. He believed that human nature is inherently selfish and that only a powerful ruler could maintain social order and prevent chaos. He believed that the people should never revolt, even against a tyrannical leader.

The period between the reigns of Charles I and Charles II in England. It began with a conflict between the Parliament and the king over royal authority and power, leading to a civil war that ultimately resulted in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a republic under Oliver Cromwell.

The last Roman Catholic monarch of England. His reign was marked by conflict with Parliament due to his attempts to promote religious tolerance and strengthen royal power. This led to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which resulted in his exile and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

The restoration of the monarchy in England after the period of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. Charles II was invited back to the throne, marking the end of the republic. This event ushered in a period of cultural and social change, with a more liberal and hedonistic court culture.

He was the King of France during the French Revolution. He was executed by the revolutionaries for being a symbol of the old regime.

The French Queen, she was the wife of Louis XVI and was known for her lavish lifestyle. She was a key symbol of France's monarchy and was executed by the revolutionaries in 1793.

They were the German nobility who supported the growth of Prussia's military power under Frederick William I. They were given government positions in exchange for their loyalty.

He led a major peasant uprising against Catherine the Great in Russia. He was eventually captured and executed.

They were the first Bourbon Kings of Spain. They gained the throne during the War of Spanish Succession.

A conflict fueled by competing land claims in North America between France and the British colonies, alongside their Native American allies. This dispute escalated to include Europe, with conflict also breaking out in India.

A pivotal treaty signed in 1763, ending the Seven Years' War. It marked a significant turning point in global power dynamics, with Great Britain gaining control of Canada and numerous other territories from France.

A period in the 18th and 19th centuries when Great Britain emerged as the dominant global power, solidifying their position after their victory in the Seven Years' War. This was fueled by the expansion of their trade network and influence worldwide.

An oath taken by members of the French National Assembly in 1789. It was a pivotal moment in the French Revolution, signifying their commitment to creating a new constitution for France, even when facing threats from the monarchy.

A pivotal event marking the beginning of the French Revolution. The storming of the Bastille, a symbol of royal authority, represented a decisive act of defiance by the French people against the monarchy.

A widespread panic that gripped France in the summer of 1789. Fear of invasion and aristocratic plots led to the formation of citizen militias and heightened tensions, ultimately impacting the National Assembly's efforts to reform France.

A document adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, outlining fundamental human rights and liberties. This document became a cornerstone of the French Revolution, advocating for equality, freedom, and justice.

A document issued in 1791, advocating for the rights of women, inspired by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. It called for equal rights and opportunities for women, highlighting the evolving social landscape during the French Revolution.

A conflict triggered by the death of Charles VI, involving multiple European powers fighting over the Austrian throne and territories. Maria Theresa, heir to the Austrian throne, faced challenges from Prussia, led by Frederick the Great, who seized Silesia.

The English Parliament, established in the 1200s with the Magna Carta, played a crucial role in limiting the King's power. It consisted of the House of Lords (elites) and the House of Commons (bourgeoisie-like).

A period of civil conflict in England (1640s) between the Royalists (supporters of the King) and the Roundheads (Parliamentarians). It began with Charles I disbanding Parliament, ended with his execution, and saw the rule of Oliver Cromwell.

A series of events in 1688 that led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England. It involved the Parliament inviting William of Orange (married to Mary) to invade and replace James II, who was disliked for being Catholic.

A document that established fundamental rights for all citizens, including freedom from arbitrary arrest and the right to petition the government. It was adopted in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.

A form of government where the monarch holds absolute power, claiming divine right, ruling alone, and making all decisions. This system was common in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

A period of intellectual and cultural flourishing in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry. It challenged traditional ideas about government, religion, and society.