The French Revolution

The nobility

The bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie

They were confiscated and released to more productive management

Mirabeau

The death of Mirabeau

a shortage of bread

They were abolished

His approval was needed to make the decisions of the Assembly fully legal

Austria

April 20th, 1792

The September Massacres

Agriculture did not employ enough people, and there were little other jobs

They were supposed to be silent, obedient, subservient, modest, and chaste

Spending time in cafes and salons, listening to music and poetry, and discussing ideas

The Tennis Court Oath

The Storming of the Bastille

To draw up statements of grievances

The educated and affluent

The inalienable rights of the individual

To protect the rights of the people

Feudal rights

They were enemies of social change

Attack castles

They were enemies of social change

The protest of Parisian women against high food prices at Versailles.

To write a constitution and establish a new form of government.

They feared the loss of their privileges and the potential for violence.

The Jacobins were a radical political club in Paris during the French Revolution. They advocated for radical reform and supported the working class in politics.

The Girondins were a moderate political group that did not support extending political rights to the working class, while the Jacobins were much more radical and supported the working class in politics.

After 1792, legalism increasingly broke down into state terrorism by the Committee of Public Safety. Those who disagreed with policies were brought before the revolutionary tribunal and were either forced into submission or executed.

The reasons for the mounting concern and tension in Europe during the French Revolution include the declaration of Alsace as French territory, the annexation of Avignon by its inhabitants, and the threat of retribution from the Austrian Emperor and Prussian king if any harm befell the French royal family.

The effects of the War of the First Coalition on France include factional infighting among politicians, an increase in French expansionism, and a fiercely national response from the French.

The events that led to the establishment of the French Republic during the French Revolution include the armed insurrection by the Jacobins on the Tuileries Palace, the imprisonment of the royal family, the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly, and the abolition of the monarchy by the Convention.

The social classes in French society during the period of the French Revolution were: 1. King and Nobility 2. Clergy 3. Bourgeoise 4. Peasants 5. Church

The nobility held important official positions, had special powers and privileges, and could demand services or taxes from those under them.

The clergy, especially the rich and influential ones like bishops, had special rights and privileges and were governed by special church laws, not state laws.

The bourgeoise, the middle-class people of wealth, could buy public offices and use their positions to make money for themselves. The richest of them could buy their way into the nobility.

The equality of all men, sovereignty of the people, inalienable rights of the individual to liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.

To protect the inalienable rights of the individual.

The ignorance, forgetfulness or contempt of the rights of man.

All citizens have the right to participate themselves, or through representatives in the formation of laws.

Virtues and talents, not status.

Many feudal rights.

They believed they were enemies to social change.

The Tennis Court Oath was a vow taken by the deputies of the third estate and sympathetic members of the other estates on June 20th, 1789. They swore not to dissolve until France had a constitution and pledged to reassemble whenever necessary. It was significant because it represented the assertion of the National Assembly's authority over the king and marked a turning point in the French Revolution.

The storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 was triggered by the belief that it held unjustly imprisoned individuals and weapons that could be used against the people. Its consequences included the fall of a symbol of the oppressive ancien regime, the transfer of political power to the streets of Paris, and the eventual establishment of July 14th as a national French holiday.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, approved on August 26, 1789, was a statement of the aims of the French Revolution. It addressed specific abuses of the ancien regime and outlined political and social rights. It was significant because it became the preamble to the French Constitution of 1791 and influenced 19th-century liberal thought.

The reasons for the pervasive sense of unease in Europe in the 18th century regarding the increase in the number of poor people included: the number of people available to work exceeded the available jobs, agriculture did not employ enough people, taxation and feudal duties were heavy, clergy and nobles were exempt from taxes, French peasants had to pay taxes levied by royalty, peasants had to pay the landowner to cultivate the land, and small farmers were forced out of less profitable small holdings by rich landowners.

During the Enlightenment in Europe, women's societal roles did not change much. They were expected to be silent, obedient, subservient, modest, and chaste. Women of the lower classes often worked as servants in wealthy households and received little pay, while suffering physical and sexual abuse. However, Catholic convents provided a rare opportunity for women to hold positions of power.

During the 18th century, people married late and infant mortality was high. Children faced various challenges such as childhood illnesses, accidents, and physical abuse. Parenting practices such as swaddling and tight bonnets were condemned. In the upper class, wet nurses were commonly used as breastfeeding was considered crude. Children were considered important for carrying on the family's legacy, but were often treated with indifference and received little care or affection.