Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a clot activator in a blood tube?
What is the primary function of a clot activator in a blood tube?
What is the main component of plasma?
What is the main component of plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of centrifugation in blood testing?
What is the purpose of centrifugation in blood testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of blood sample is required for a test that requires a whole blood sample with no clotting?
What type of blood sample is required for a test that requires a whole blood sample with no clotting?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for performing venipuncture?
What is the primary reason for performing venipuncture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following veins is NOT primarily used by the phlebotomist to obtain venous blood specimens?
Which of the following veins is NOT primarily used by the phlebotomist to obtain venous blood specimens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advantage of veins being close to the surface of the skin?
What is the advantage of veins being close to the surface of the skin?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should special care be taken when drawing a sample from the back of the hand?
Why should special care be taken when drawing a sample from the back of the hand?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fluid portion of the blood called?
What is the fluid portion of the blood called?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to blood once it is removed from the body?
What happens to blood once it is removed from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct way to position the patient's hand when collecting blood from a hand vein?
What is the correct way to position the patient's hand when collecting blood from a hand vein?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three major nerves that run the length of the entire arm?
What are the three major nerves that run the length of the entire arm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of plasma in the body?
What is the primary function of plasma in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate percentage of blood cells in the total blood volume?
What is the approximate percentage of blood cells in the total blood volume?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are red blood cells primarily formed in the body?
Where are red blood cells primarily formed in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate lifespan of red blood cells?
What is the approximate lifespan of red blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of white blood cells?
What is the main function of white blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ratio of white blood cells to red blood cells in the body?
What is the ratio of white blood cells to red blood cells in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of platelets?
What is the main function of platelets?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of white blood cells are phagocytes?
What percentage of white blood cells are phagocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of lymphocytes?
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of neutrophils?
What is the main function of neutrophils?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of basophils?
What is the function of basophils?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of monocytes?
What is the function of monocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure of platelets?
What is the structure of platelets?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of platelets?
What is the function of platelets?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are white blood cells formed?
Where are white blood cells formed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of collecting an arterial blood sample?
What is the primary purpose of collecting an arterial blood sample?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of blood vessels transport blood away from the heart to body tissues and organs?
What type of blood vessels transport blood away from the heart to body tissues and organs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of blood flow in arteries?
What is the characteristic of blood flow in arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the composition of the walls of arteries?
What is the composition of the walls of arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of an ABG test?
What is the purpose of an ABG test?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of tubes are ABG samples taken?
In which type of tubes are ABG samples taken?
Signup and view all the answers
Who should perform arterial blood sampling?
Who should perform arterial blood sampling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is not required before an ABG test?
What is not required before an ABG test?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
White Blood Cells
- 25% of white blood cells are lymphocytes, which have a large, round nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm
- 75% of white blood cells are phagocytes, which have a variable shape, can move out of capillaries, and have a lobed nucleus
- Functions:
- Produce antibodies to destroy disease-causing bacteria and viruses
- Produce antitoxins to neutralize toxins produced by pathogens
- Engulf and destroy pathogens
- Engulf pathogens destroyed by antibodies
Types of White Blood Cells
- Neutrophils: protect from infections, make up 40-60% of white blood cells, and are the first to arrive at the scene of a bacterial infection
- Eosinophils: fight diseases, increase with allergies and parasite infestations
- Basophils: part of the immune system, produced in the bone marrow, found in many tissues, and play a role in the proper function of the immune system
- Monocytes: destroy pathogens by phagocytosis, first line of defense in the inflammatory process
Platelets
- Structure: cell fragments with no nucleus, living for about 10 days
- Formation: formed from cells in the red bone marrow
- Functions: help the body form clots to stop bleeding, respond to damaged blood vessels, and form a plug to fix the damage
Vascular System
- The vascular system is also called the circulatory system, and is made up of vessels that carry blood and lymph through the body
- Components: arteries, veins, and capillaries
- Functions: deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, take away tissue waste matter, and transport blood throughout the body
Arteries
- Transport blood away from the heart to body tissues and organs
- Characteristics: blood flows under high pressure, pulses created by ventricle contractions, rapid blood flow, oxygenated blood (except in the pulmonary artery), and thick, elastic walls
- Functions: deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, take away tissue waste matter
Veins
- Characteristics: thinner walls, lower blood pressure, and close to the surface of the skin
- Functions: return blood to the heart, carry deoxygenated blood (except in the pulmonary vein)
Blood Composition
- Plasma: 55% of blood, composed of 90% water and 10% dissolved substances (products of digestion, waste products, hormones, and plasma proteins)
- Functions: transport products of digestion, waste products, hormones, and heat
- Blood cells: 45% of blood, composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Blood Cells
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes): biconcave disc shape, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin, and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Formation: formed in red bone marrow, broken down in the liver and spleen
- Functions: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Blood Collection
- Phlebotomy: the process of collecting blood samples
- Sites: median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins, as well as veins on the back of the hand and wrist
- Precautions: special care should be taken when drawing a sample from the back of the hand
- ABG test: measures acidity, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood, used to check lung function and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the two main types of white blood cells: lymphocytes and phagocytes, including their characteristics and functions in the immune system.
