Week 1: Health Chapter 1 Key Concepts Quiz

Subjective experience about being healthy

Health as a Resource

Viewing individuals as 'embodied spirit' or transpersonal self

Health as Unity

Emphasizing social and personal resources

'Subjective experience of loss of health'

'Health as stability'

'Everyday living activities'

Carative

Medical Model

Shift from Medical Model to Behavioural Model

Lalonde Report

Social Justice

Building Healthy Public Policy

'Epp Report'

"Psychological experiences from social circumstances"

"Behavioural Risk Factors"

"Reducing Equities"

Adequate and equitable income, effective parents and family, and supportive community environments

Higher rates of childhood obesity leading to early diabetes

Downstream healthcare

Reducing risk factors before signs and symptoms occur

Health promotion addresses issues before they arise, while disease prevention focuses on managing existing illnesses.

Physical fitness level

Direct and indirect health impacts

Seeking substance abuse as a coping mechanism

'Indigenous Status' often correlates with greater food insecurity among households

'Established social determinants of health' primarily emphasize upstream healthcare approaches

Poverty, low educational or occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous environments, discrimination, inequalities of income or power

Empowerment of women, social security, respect for human rights, and social relations

Indigenous status, early life, education, employment/working conditions

Health inequality refers to differences in health status among different groups, while health equity refers to the absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities

Income, education, and employment/working conditions

Employment and working conditions that support health improve physical, mental, and social health

Poverty has a negative impact on health by affecting access to material resources and causing stress

Education improves health by enabling people to make informed decisions

Health disparities refer to differences in health status among different population groups

Promoting social responsibility for health in the public and private sector, increasing investments for health in all sectors, increasing community capacity and empowering the individual

Medical Model = Restoring health through medical interventions Behavioural Model = Shifting focus to prevention and promotion of health Ottawa Charter = Placing responsibility for health on society and promoting social justice Achieving Health for all (Epp 1986) = Reducing health equities and enhancing coping mechanisms

Ottawa Charter Prerequisites for health = Includes peace, shelter, education, food, and income among others Labonte & Lalonde (1993) Determinants of health = Categorized as psychosocial risk factors related to social circumstances Epp Report Challenges = Involves reducing equities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping mechanisms Lalonde Report Shift = Transition from medical model to behavioural model with a focus on environment and self-imposed risks

Carative = Caring process to help a person attain health or die peacefully Curative = Curing the patient of the disease Prerequisites for Health = Includes shelter, education, food, and income among others Determinants of Health = Factors that influence one's health such as lifestyle, environment, human biology, and health care organization

Lalonde Report = Introduced the distinction between 'Carative' and 'Curative' approaches in nursing and medicine Ottawa Charter = Focused on health promotion, prerequisites for health, and societal responsibility for health Achieving Health for all (Epp 1986) = Outlined challenges like reducing health inequities and enhancing coping mechanisms Labonte & Lalonde (1993) = Categorized major determinants of health in a socioenvironmental approach

Building healthy public policy = Creating supportive environments for health Strengthening community action = Developing personal skills for lifestyle changes Reorienting health services = Receive feedback and make necessary changes Developing Personal skills = Opportunity for lifestyle changes

Operation Lifestyle & ParticipACTION = Addressing behavioural risk factors like substance abuse and lack of exercise Epp Report Recommendations = Identifying self-care, mutual aid, and promoting healthy environments as solutions Ottawa Charter Implementation = Focus on social justice, equity, and societal empowerment Lalonde Report Impact = Shifted focus from medical model to behavioural model and emphasized environmental improvements

Poverty = More likely to experience premature birth weights and infant mortality. Education = Improves health status and helps with employment. Employment & Working Conditions = Impacts physical, mental, and social health. Income = Affects health through lack of material resources and psychosocial stress.

Jakarta Declaration = Increasing social responsibility for health in the public and private sector. Toronto Charter = Increasing social and economic inequalities in Canada. Ottawa Charter = Health promotion and health equity. Epp Report = Achieving 'Health for All 2000'.

Health Inequality = Differences in health status among different population groups. Health Equity = Absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities. Health Promotion = Focusing on individual health concerns, treatment, and cure. Health Determinants = Social and environmental conditions that affect health.

Food Security = Leads to health disparities among different population groups. Housing = Affects health through lack of material resources and psychosocial stress. Indigenous Status = Exposed to health disparities due to social and environmental conditions. Social Exclusion = Limits access to health care and healthy lifestyle.

Socioenvironmental Risk Conditions = Include poverty, low educational or occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, and discrimination. Social Determinants of Health = Include income, education, employment, and housing. Health Disparities = Differences in health status among different population groups. Health Inequities = Unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities.

Jakarta Declaration = Promoting social responsibility for health and increasing investments for health. Toronto Charter = Increasing community capacity and empowering individuals. Ottawa Charter = Reducing health disparities and promoting health equity. Epp Report = Increasing social and economic inequalities in Canada.

Health as a resource for everyday life = WHO (World Health Organization) 1984 definition of health Individuals as 'embodied spirit' or transpersonal self = Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring Views health as stability- maintenance of physiological, functional, and social norms = Health as stability concept Blueprint for achieving the WHO goal of 'Health for All 2000' = Epp Report

Wellness = Subjective experience about being healthy Illness = Objective state of illness detected by science Disease = Subjective experience of loss of health Health as actualization & Stabilization = Realization of human potential through goal directed behavior, self-care, and relationships with other, while meeting demands of everyday life

Operation Lifestyle = Behavioral risk factors ParticipACTION = Behavioral risk factors 'Health for All 2000' = Primary challenge: equity in health status Jakarta Declaration = Four prerequisites for health

Inadequate or insecure housing = Increased risk of poor health and stress Psychosocial risk factors = Anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues Income and social status = Access to better resources and support Employment and working conditions = Work-related stress and injury

Houselessness = Lack of stability, increased risk of engaging in risky behaviors Poverty = Limited access to healthcare, nutritious food, and other resources Indigenous Status = Systemic discrimination and lack of cultural sensitivity Education = Access to better resources, improved health literacy

Build healthy public policy = Ottawa Charter Create supportive environments for health = Ottawa Charter Strengthen community action = Ottawa Charter Reorient health services = Ottawa Charter

Primary prevention = Activities aimed at protecting against the disease before signs and symptoms occur Secondary prevention = Activities aimed at early detection of disease after the pathogen has occurred Tertiary prevention = Activities initiated in the recovery stage of disease and are directed towards minimizing residual disability and helping people live productively with limitations. Health promotion = Directed towards increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization

Food Insecurity = Limited availability of nutritious foods impacting children in their early years leading to early diabetes Physical Environments = Contaminants, housing, homelessness, and climate change affecting health directly and indirectly Indigenous Status = Higher rates of food insecurity and health disparities Housing = Safe and affordable housing, inadequate housing can affect health directly and indirectly, impacting youth with substance abuse issues

Health as Adaptation = Health as a dynamic state that can change due to circumstances Health as Resource = Health as a resource for daily living and productive lives Health as Homeostasis = Health as a state of balance and stability Health as Well-being = Health as a holistic concept that encompasses the whole person and their well-being

Upstream approach = Focuses on health promotion and prevention strategies to address issues before the problem occurs Downstream approach = Focuses on treating acute conditions and addressing health concerns after they arise Short-term acute care approach = Focuses on providing care for short-term acute conditions Holistic approach = Addresses the whole person, including their physical, mental, and emotional well-being

Primary prevention = Education on reducing risk factors for smoking and inactivity Secondary prevention = Blood pressure screening to detect hypertension Tertiary prevention = Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction Health promotion = Supporting a mother's ability to breastfeed

Food Insecurity = Affected 1 in 8 households due to COVID-19 and increased rates of childhood obesity Physical Environments = Exposure to contaminants and homelessness can affect health directly and indirectly Indigenous Status = Affected by higher rates of food insecurity and health disparities Housing = Lack of safe and affordable housing can lead to substance abuse and other negative health outcomes for youth

Illness = A state of poor health characterized by symptoms and disease Wellness = A holistic concept of health that encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being Health as a Resource = Health as a resource for daily living and productive lives Health as Homeostasis = Health as a state of balance and stability