Week 1: Atoms and Molecules

Week 1: Atoms and Molecules

• Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, primarily composed of empty space surrounding a nucleus.
• Protons reside in the nucleus and carry a positive charge.
• Neutrons, also in the nucleus, have no charge.
• Electrons orbit the nucleus and possess a negative charge.
• The number of protons defines an element.
• Protons and neutrons determine the atomic mass.
• Electrons determine how atoms bond and react.
• Molecules are formed when atoms bond together.
• Bonds between atoms can be covalent or ionic bonds.
• Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
• Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
• Key elements in various compounds include Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (CHONPS).
• Compounds are formed when different types of atoms bond together.
• The notes provide a variety of additional resources and links.
• A common compound is water, H₂O.
• Atoms, molecules, and compounds are all different levels of organization of matter.
• Atoms are the smallest unit.
• Molecules are groups of atoms of the same element bonded together.
• Compounds are groups of atoms from different elements bonded together.

Calculating Atomic Parts

• Protons and electrons must be equal for an atom to be balanced.
• The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons and electrons.
• Neutrons are calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic weight, rounded to a whole number.

Molecule & Compound Definitions

• A molecule comprises atoms of the same element bonded together, using unique bonds specific to those atoms.
• Compounds contain atoms from different elements chemically bonded.
• Atoms combine through chemical reactions, which can change electron configurations, leading to the formation of compounds or molecules.
• Elements are substances composed of one type of atom.
• Chemical bonds (covalent or ionic) hold atoms together in molecules and compounds, changing the properties of the combined structure compared to their isolated states.

This quiz covers the fundamentals of atoms and molecules, detailing the structure and properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explores the formation of various types of bonds, including covalent and ionic bonds, and highlights essential elements found in compounds. Test your understanding of atomic and molecular concepts with this engaging quiz.