Waves in Matter Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next?

  • Frequency
  • Period
  • Wavelength (correct)
  • Amplitude

    • Increasing the wavelength of a wave will also increase its frequency.

    False (B)

    What is the formula for calculating wave velocity?

    v = f × λ

    Sound waves are an example of __________ waves.

    <p>longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of waves with their examples:

    <p>Transverse = Light waves Longitudinal = Sound waves Electromagnetic = Radio waves Mechanical = Water waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of a wave as it passes into a denser medium?

    <p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frequency of a wave changes when it passes into a different medium.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define amplitude.

    <p>The maximum displacement from the equilibrium line to the crest or trough of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a foetus scan using ultrasound?

    <p>To provide non-invasive imaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human ear can hear frequencies higher than 20,000Hz.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three small bones in the ear called?

    <p>hammer, anvil, stirrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vibrations from sound waves hit the __________, causing it to vibrate.

    <p>eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Compression = Inward force on the eardrum Rarefaction = Outward force on the eardrum Cochlea = Fluid-filled structure in the ear Ultrasound = Sound waves above human hearing range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the hairs in the cochlea as humans age?

    <p>They can die or become damaged (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans have evolved to hear ultrasound frequencies.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ultrasound waves are utilized in __________ to determine the depth of the seabed.

    <p>sonar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of a wave when it enters a denser material?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Objects appear a certain color because they reflect all wavelengths of light.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when white light passes through a prism?

    <p>Diffraction and refraction occurring, leading to a rainbow effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ________ when reflecting off a plane surface.

    <p>reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between wavelength and absorption in materials?

    <p>Shorter wavelengths are absorbed more than longer wavelengths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of lenses to their characteristics:

    <p>Convex = Bends light inward and converges rays Concave = Bends light outward and diverges rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a wave travels from a less dense medium to a denser medium, it bends away from the normal.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ________ lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and spreads light outwards.

    <p>concave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dark patches in a ripple tank represent?

    <p>Troughs of the waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a ripple tank, waves travel with water particles in the direction of travel.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate wave speed in relation to frequency and wavelength?

    <p>v = fλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By shining light through a ripple tank, __________ patches will appear due to the wave crests and troughs.

    <p>dark and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wave phenomena with their descriptions:

    <p>Reflection = Bouncing back of waves from an obstruction Refraction = Change in wave speed due to depth Oscillation = Movement of particles up and down Frequency = Number of wave crests passing a point in a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a concave lens?

    <p>To spread out light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convex lenses are thicker at the edges than at the center.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lens is used to correct long-sightedness?

    <p>Convex lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A convex lens focuses light _____ the focal point.

    <p>inwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of lenses with their common uses:

    <p>Concave lens = Correcting short-sightedness Convex lens = Magnifying glasses Bifocal lens = Correction for both near and far vision Eyeglasses lens = Vision correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Waves in Matter

    • Waves can be described in terms of wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and period.
    • Wavelength: Distance between one point on a wave and the same point on the next wave.
    • Amplitude: Distance from the equilibrium line to the maximum displacement (crest or trough).
    • Frequency: Number of waves passing a single point per second (Hz).
    • Period: Time taken for a whole wave to pass a single point (seconds).
    • Velocity = Frequency × Wavelength (v = fλ)
    • Increasing frequency increases velocity (directly proportional).
    • Increasing wavelength increases velocity (directly proportional).
    • Period is inversely proportional to frequency.

    Types of Waves

    • Transverse Waves: Vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel (e.g., light, electromagnetic waves).
    • Longitudinal Waves: Vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel (e.g., sound waves).

    Waves at Material Interfaces

    • At an interface, waves can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.
    • Reflection: Waves bounce off a surface (angle of incidence = angle of reflection).
    • Transmission: Waves pass through a material.
    • Absorption: Waves transfer energy to the material.

    Sonar

    • Sonar uses sound waves to determine the depth of bodies of water.
    • Time taken for sound waves to reflect back is used to calculate depth.

    How the Ear Works

    • Outer ear collects sound and channels it down the ear canal.
    • Sound waves vibrate the eardrum.
    • Small bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) amplify the sound.
    • Vibrations are transferred to the cochlea's fluid.
    • Hairs in the cochlea detect different frequencies.
    • Electrical impulses are sent to the brain.

    Limitations of Frequency Range

    • Humans can hear 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
    • Exposure to loud noises can damage the hairs that detect sound, hence reduce frequency range.
    • Older people usually tend to lose their hearing (high frequency sounds).

    Ripple Tanks

    • Ripple tanks are shallow glass tanks filled with water.
    • Oscillating paddles or needles create water waves.
    • Observing water waves helps measure wavelength.

    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    • EM waves are transverse waves that do not require a medium to travel.
    • All EM waves travel at the speed of light.
    • Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional.
    • Higher frequency means higher energy.
    • Different parts of the EM spectrum have different uses (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays).

    Imaging

    • EM radiation can be used to create internal images of the body (X-rays, ultrasound, MRI).
    • Reflecting or absorbing radiation are used depending on the type of waves used to create the image.

    Lenses

    • Lenses refract light to form images.
    • Concave lenses diverge light.
    • Convex lenses converge light.
    • Lenses are used in various applications such as eyeglasses, cameras, and telescopes.

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    OCR (A) Physics GCSE Waves in Matter Summary Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of waves in matter, including wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and period. Learn about different types of waves such as transverse and longitudinal waves, as well as their behavior at material interfaces. Test your understanding of these key concepts in this engaging quiz.

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