Waves in Matter Quiz
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Questions and Answers

The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next is called the ______.

wavelength

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of wave motion?

  • Reflection (correct)
  • Period
  • Wavelength
  • Amplitude

The frequency of a wave remains constant regardless of the medium it travels through.

True (A)

What is the relationship between frequency and period?

<p>Period is inversely proportional to frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The unit of measurement for frequency is the ______.

<p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waves with their descriptions:

<p>Transverse waves = Vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel. Longitudinal waves = Vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a transverse wave?

<p>Light waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wave travels faster in a denser medium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in a foetus scan?

<p>Ultrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can hear ultrasound sounds above 20,000 Hz.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the eardrum when sound waves hit it?

<p>It vibrates at the same frequency as the incoming sound waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The range of human hearing is from ______ to ______ Hz.

<p>20, 20000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the ear with their functions:

<p>Hammer = Amplifies sound waves Eardrum = Vibrates with sound waves Cochlea = Sensitive to sound frequencies Stirrup = Transfers vibrations to fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can commonly damage the hair cells in the cochlea?

<p>Constant exposure to loud noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cochlea contains fluid that moves in response to sound vibrations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans lose the ability to hear higher frequencies as they age?

<p>The hair cells sensitive to higher frequencies can die or get damaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the speed of a wave when it enters a denser medium?

<p>The speed decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

White light passing through a prism does not spread out into a spectrum of colors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection for a plane surface?

<p>They are equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When light enters a less dense material, it bends _____ from the normal.

<p>away</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes concave lenses?

<p>They spread light outwards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

<p>Focal Point = The point at which light converges Refraction = Bending of light when entering a different medium Reflection = Bouncing back of light from a surface Diffraction = Spreading of lightwaves when passing through an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glass will reflect UV radiation and transmit visible light.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Objects appear a certain color because they reflect a specific _____ of light.

<p>wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

What remains constant for a wave according to the principle of conservation of energy?

<p>Frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Higher frequency waves are often absorbed by electrons more easily than lower frequency waves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light when it strikes a matte surface?

<p>It scatters in all directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a material appears a certain colour, only that coloured light has been ______.

<p>reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the angle of incidence and angle of reflection?

<p>They are always equal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when ultrasound reaches the boundary between two media?

<p>Partial reflection occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Reflection = Waves bounce back when hitting a surface Transmission = Waves pass through a transparent material Absorption = Waves are taken in by the material Refraction = Waves change direction due to speed difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

The speed of the waves is ______ when measuring the distance from a source using ultrasound.

<p>constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Wavelength

The distance between two corresponding points on successive waves, such as two crests or two troughs.

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of a point from its equilibrium position. Measured from the equilibrium line to the crest or trough.

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second. Measured in Hertz (Hz).

Period

The time it takes for one complete wave to pass a fixed point.

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Wave Velocity

The speed at which a wave travels. Calculated by multiplying frequency and wavelength: velocity = frequency x wavelength.

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Transverse Wave

Waves where the particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave travels. Examples: Light waves, electromagnetic waves.

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Longitudinal Wave

Waves where the particles vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels. Examples: Sound waves.

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Medium

A substance that a wave travels through. It could be air, water, or glass.

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Transmission (Wave)

The ability of a wave to pass through a material, with some possible refraction.

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Reflection (Wave)

When a wave bounces off a surface, changing direction but maintaining its frequency.

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Absorption (Wave)

The process where a wave's energy is absorbed by a material, often resulting in the material heating up.

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Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection

The angle at which a wave hits a surface is equal to the angle at which it bounces off.

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Ultrasound

Sound waves with frequencies higher than the human hearing range (typically above 20 kHz).

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Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound waves can be used to create images of internal structures by measuring the time it takes for reflected waves to return.

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Light Interaction with Materials

The way different frequencies of light interact with materials, resulting in colors and transparency.

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Conservation of Energy in Waves

The energy of a wave remains constant, meaning its frequency stays the same even when it interacts with different media.

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Ripple Tank

A shallow glass tank used to study water waves, often using a light source to visualize wave patterns.

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Frequency of a Wave

The number of wave crests passing a fixed point per second. It's calculated by counting crests in a minute and dividing by 60.

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Refraction

The bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another, causing the wave to slow down or speed up.

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Reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it encounters a barrier or a change in medium.

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What is Ultrasound?

Ultrasound uses sound waves that are beyond the range of human hearing. They bounce off objects, like babies inside mothers, allowing doctors to see them.

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Explain Sonar

Sonar is a technology that uses sound waves to map the seafloor or detect objects underwater. It works similar to ultrasound but on a larger scale.

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What is the role of the Outer Ear?

The outer ear acts as a funnel to gather sound waves and direct them to the ear canal. These sound waves travel as pressure waves.

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How does the Eardrum work?

The eardrum is a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. It converts the pressure waves into mechanical vibrations.

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What is the function of the Middle Ear Bones?

The small bones in the middle ear amplify the vibrations from the eardrum and transfer them to the fluid in the cochlea. These bones act as a lever system.

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Describe the Cochlea's Role in Hearing

The cochlea is filled with fluid that moves when the small bones vibrate, causing tiny hairs inside to move. Each hair is sensitive to a specific frequency of sound.

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How does the Cochlea send signals to the Brain?

The movement of the hairs triggers electrical signals that travel to the brain, which interprets them as sound. The brain then recognizes and interprets these signals.

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What are the limitations of human hearing?

The human hearing range is limited to 20-20,000Hz. Higher frequencies are more vulnerable to damage, leading to hearing loss with age or exposure to loud noise.

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Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are disturbances that travel through space and transmit energy without needing particles to move. They are transverse waves, meaning the vibrations of the wave are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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Electromagnetic Wave Penetration

The ability of an electromagnetic wave to pass through a material can vary depending on the wavelength, frequency, and energy of the wave. Higher-energy waves are more likely to pass through or be absorbed by materials.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

The full range of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by frequency or wavelength. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

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Energy of an Electromagnetic Wave

The energy carried by a wave, related to its frequency and wavelength. Higher frequency means higher energy.

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Imaging

A technique that creates images of the inside of the body using electromagnetic radiation. Different materials reflect and absorb radiation differently, allowing the construction of images.

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Radiation Hazards

Exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation (UV, X-ray, Gamma) can be harmful, as it can cause cell mutation and potentially lead to cancer.

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Refraction towards the normal

When light travels from a less dense medium (e.g., air) to a denser medium (e.g., glass), it slows down and bends towards the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface).

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Refraction away from the normal

When light travels from a denser medium (e.g., glass) to a less dense medium (e.g., air), it speeds up and bends away from the normal.

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Law of Reflection

The angle at which light strikes a surface is equal to the angle at which it reflects off the surface. These angles are measured from the normal.

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Diffraction of white light through a prism

Different wavelengths of light bend at different angles when passing through a prism, causing them to separate and create a spectrum of colors, like a rainbow.

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Convex lens

A lens that is thicker at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to converge to a focal point.

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Concave lens

A lens that is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge (spread out).

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Focal point

The point where light rays converge after passing through a convex lens or where they appear to diverge from after passing through a concave lens.

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Optical center of a lens

The point where light rays passing through the center of a lens do not change direction.

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Study Notes

Waves in Matter

  • Waves can be described in terms of wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and period.
  • Wavelength is the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave.
  • Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
  • Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point per second (measured in Hertz).
  • Period is the time taken for a complete wave to pass a point (measured in seconds).
  • Velocity = frequency × wavelength

Relationships

  • Increasing frequency increases velocity (directly proportional).
  • Increasing wavelength increases velocity (directly proportional).
  • Period is inversely proportional to frequency.

Types of Waves

  • Transverse waves: vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel (e.g., light waves).
  • Longitudinal waves: vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel (e.g., sound waves).

Passing into Different Media

  • Medium: a substance through which a wave travels (e.g., air, water, glass).
  • Density of a medium: relates to its optical density, not necessarily its physical density.
  • Frequency is constant when passing through a medium.
  • Speed decreases when passing into a denser medium, so the wavelength also decreases.

Waves at Material Interfaces

  • At an interface, waves can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.
  • Reflection: the wave bounces back off the surface. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection.
  • Transmission: the wave passes through the material.
  • Absorption: the wave's energy is absorbed by the material.

Sound

  • The ear has three small bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that act as an amplifier for sound waves.
  • Small hairs in the cochlea respond to different sound frequencies, creating electrical impulses to the brain.
  • Human hearing range: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Sonar

  • Sonar uses ultrasound waves to measure distances.
  • Ultrasound waves are reflected off objects, and the time taken for the echo to return is used in calculations.

Ripple Tanks

  • Ripple tanks are used to demonstrate wave behaviour.
  • Observing ripples in the tank shows concepts of reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
  • Measuring time and distance allows calculation of wavelength and frequency of waves.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • Electromagnetic waves are transverse and travel at the speed of light.
  • Frequency and wavelength are inversely related.
  • Different EM waves have different uses (e.g., radio waves for communication, X-rays for medical imaging).
  • Higher energy waves, like gamma rays, reflect less and can pass through materials.

Lenses

  • Lenses (both concave and convex) either converge or diverge light rays.
  • Lenses are used in correcting vision problems like short-sightedness or long-sightedness, as well as magnifying objects.
  • Light rays will be refracted when passing through a lens.
  • Angle of incidence vs angle of refraction

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OCR (A) Physics GCSE Waves in Matter Summary Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and types of waves in matter. This quiz covers essential concepts such as wavelength, amplitude, frequency, velocity, and the different types of waves. Perfect for students studying physics or related subjects.

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