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Questions and Answers
What is the noise voltage at the input to this amplifier if the ambient temperature is __________ 7°C?
What is the noise voltage at the input to this amplifier if the ambient temperature is __________ 7°C?
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If the bandwidth of the amplifier is reduced to 5 kHz, with its gain remaining constant, what does the meter read now?
If the bandwidth of the amplifier is reduced to 5 kHz, with its gain remaining constant, what does the meter read now?
1 mV rms
The parallel-tuned circuit, having a Q of 20, is resonated to ________ 200 MHz with a 10-picofarad capacitor.
The parallel-tuned circuit, having a Q of 20, is resonated to ________ 200 MHz with a 10-picofarad capacitor.
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The front end of a television receiver, having a bandwidth of 7 MHz and operating at a temperature of 27°C, consists of an amplifier having a gain of 15 followed by a mixer whose gain is ________ 20.
The front end of a television receiver, having a bandwidth of 7 MHz and operating at a temperature of 27°C, consists of an amplifier having a gain of 15 followed by a mixer whose gain is ________ 20.
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The RF amplifier of a receiver has an input resistance of 1000 Ohms, and equivalent shot-noise resistance of 2000 Ohms, a gain of ________ 25, and a load resistance of 125 kOhms.
The RF amplifier of a receiver has an input resistance of 1000 Ohms, and equivalent shot-noise resistance of 2000 Ohms, a gain of ________ 25, and a load resistance of 125 kOhms.
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If the receiver amplifier operating at VLF range has a 900k input resistor, determine the rms noise voltage in the output if the voltage gain is 215. Assume external noise can be disregarded and it has an ambient temperature of 12ºC. Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television RF amplifier, using a device that has a 200-ohm equivalent noise resistance and a 300-ohm input resistor. The bandwidth is 6Mhz and the temperature is 17OC. For the Shot Noise: The rms shot noise current is dependent on the current flowing instead of the temperature in a diode can be defined by: Where: In = rms noise current q = charge of an electron equivalent to 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb B = bandwidth of the system considered idc = diode direct current Example: 4.Calculate the rms noise current of the system if the bandwidth is 7Mhz with diode direct current of 20 μA. Given: B = 7Mhz Idc = 20 μA Sol: = = 2.531pA Example: 5.A diode generator operating under low frequency range is required to produce 25µV of noise in a receiver with an input impedance of 75Ω. Determine the current through the diode. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: Noise is usually expressed in power because the received signal is also expressed in terms of power.
If the receiver amplifier operating at VLF range has a 900k input resistor, determine the rms noise voltage in the output if the voltage gain is 215. Assume external noise can be disregarded and it has an ambient temperature of 12ºC. Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television RF amplifier, using a device that has a 200-ohm equivalent noise resistance and a 300-ohm input resistor. The bandwidth is 6Mhz and the temperature is 17OC. For the Shot Noise: The rms shot noise current is dependent on the current flowing instead of the temperature in a diode can be defined by: Where: In = rms noise current q = charge of an electron equivalent to 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb B = bandwidth of the system considered idc = diode direct current Example: 4.Calculate the rms noise current of the system if the bandwidth is 7Mhz with diode direct current of 20 μA. Given: B = 7Mhz Idc = 20 μA Sol: = = 2.531pA Example: 5.A diode generator operating under low frequency range is required to produce 25µV of noise in a receiver with an input impedance of 75Ω. Determine the current through the diode. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: Noise is usually expressed in power because the received signal is also expressed in terms of power.
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If the receiver amplifier operating at VLF range has a 900k input resistor, determine the rms noise voltage in the output if the voltage gain is 215. Assume external noise can be disregarded and it has an ambient temperature of ______ degrees Celsius.
If the receiver amplifier operating at VLF range has a 900k input resistor, determine the rms noise voltage in the output if the voltage gain is 215. Assume external noise can be disregarded and it has an ambient temperature of ______ degrees Celsius.
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Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television RF amplifier, using a device that has a 200-ohm equivalent noise resistance and a 300-ohm input resistor. The bandwidth is 6Mhz and the temperature is ______ degrees Celsius.
Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television RF amplifier, using a device that has a 200-ohm equivalent noise resistance and a 300-ohm input resistor. The bandwidth is 6Mhz and the temperature is ______ degrees Celsius.
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Calculate the rms noise current of the system if the bandwidth is 7Mhz with diode direct current of 20 μA. Given: B = 7Mhz Idc = 20 μA Sol: = = ______.
Calculate the rms noise current of the system if the bandwidth is 7Mhz with diode direct current of 20 μA. Given: B = 7Mhz Idc = 20 μA Sol: = = ______.
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A diode generator operating under low frequency range is required to produce 25µV of noise in a receiver with an input impedance of 75Ω. Determine the current through the ______.
A diode generator operating under low frequency range is required to produce 25µV of noise in a receiver with an input impedance of 75Ω. Determine the current through the ______.
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Noise is usually expressed in ______ because the received signal is also expressed in terms of power.
Noise is usually expressed in ______ because the received signal is also expressed in terms of power.
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Impulse Noise is a non-continuous series of irregular pulses called 'spikes' of short duration. Echo is caused by electrical imbalance which produces a reflection of sound waves. External Noise cannot be reduced except by changing locations of the receiver or the entire system. Internal Noise on the other hand can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design. The Thermal Agitation Noise. The power of this generated noise is given by the formula: Pn = _____
Impulse Noise is a non-continuous series of irregular pulses called 'spikes' of short duration. Echo is caused by electrical imbalance which produces a reflection of sound waves. External Noise cannot be reduced except by changing locations of the receiver or the entire system. Internal Noise on the other hand can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design. The Thermal Agitation Noise. The power of this generated noise is given by the formula: Pn = _____
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What will be the power generated by the system, if the temperature is 20 OC with the bandwidth of 5Ghz. Given: T = 20OC = 273+20 = 293OK B = 5Ghz Sol: Pn = kTB = (1.38x10-23)(293)(5x106) = 20.217x10-12w Assuming maximum power transfer of the noise source, we can represent the voltage generated by the resistor through the equation: Where: Vn = _____
What will be the power generated by the system, if the temperature is 20 OC with the bandwidth of 5Ghz. Given: T = 20OC = 273+20 = 293OK B = 5Ghz Sol: Pn = kTB = (1.38x10-23)(293)(5x106) = 20.217x10-12w Assuming maximum power transfer of the noise source, we can represent the voltage generated by the resistor through the equation: Where: Vn = _____
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An amplifier has a bandwidth of 4Mhz with 10KΩ as the input resistor. Calculate the ______ at the input to this amplifier if the room temperature is 25 OC. Given: B = 4Mhz T = 25 OC = 273+25=298 k = 1.38 x 10- 23 J/K Sol: = = 25.65 μV
An amplifier has a bandwidth of 4Mhz with 10KΩ as the input resistor. Calculate the ______ at the input to this amplifier if the room temperature is 25 OC. Given: B = 4Mhz T = 25 OC = 273+25=298 k = 1.38 x 10- 23 J/K Sol: = = 25.65 μV
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Echo is the caused by electrical imbalance which produces a reflection of sound waves. External Noise cannot be reduced except by changing locations of the receiver or the entire system. Internal Noise on the other hand can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design. The Thermal Agitation Noise. The power of this generated noise is given by the formula: Pn = _____
Echo is the caused by electrical imbalance which produces a reflection of sound waves. External Noise cannot be reduced except by changing locations of the receiver or the entire system. Internal Noise on the other hand can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design. The Thermal Agitation Noise. The power of this generated noise is given by the formula: Pn = _____
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What will be the power generated by the system, if the temperature is 20 OC with the bandwidth of 5Ghz. Given: T = 20OC = 273+20 = 293OK B = 5Ghz Sol: Pn = kTB = (1.38x10-23)(293)(5x106) = 20.217x10-12w Assuming maximum power transfer of the noise source, we can represent the voltage generated by the resistor through the equation: Where: Vn = _____
What will be the power generated by the system, if the temperature is 20 OC with the bandwidth of 5Ghz. Given: T = 20OC = 273+20 = 293OK B = 5Ghz Sol: Pn = kTB = (1.38x10-23)(293)(5x106) = 20.217x10-12w Assuming maximum power transfer of the noise source, we can represent the voltage generated by the resistor through the equation: Where: Vn = _____
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An amplifier has a bandwidth of 4Mhz with 10KΩ as the input resistor. Calculate the ______ at the input to this amplifier if the room temperature is 25 OC. Given: B = 4Mhz T = 25 OC = 273+25=298 k = 1.38 x 10- 23 J/K Sol: = = 25.65 μV
An amplifier has a bandwidth of 4Mhz with 10KΩ as the input resistor. Calculate the ______ at the input to this amplifier if the room temperature is 25 OC. Given: B = 4Mhz T = 25 OC = 273+25=298 k = 1.38 x 10- 23 J/K Sol: = = 25.65 μV
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These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. The energy spread is over the complete frequency ______ used for radio communication.
These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. The energy spread is over the complete frequency ______ used for radio communication.
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These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space ______' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - ______ created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years ______ cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made ______' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Extraterrestrial Noise is sometimes called 'space ______' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - ______ created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years ______ cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made ______' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2.
These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space ______' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - ______ created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years ______ cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made ______' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Extraterrestrial Noise is sometimes called 'space ______' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - ______ created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years ______ cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made ______' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2.
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These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (______), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply ______ coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Cosmic Noise is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply ______ coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2.
These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (______), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply ______ coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Cosmic Noise is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply ______ coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2.
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These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated ______. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Industrial Noise is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated ______.
These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated ______. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Industrial Noise is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated ______.
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These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Most intense in industrial and densely populated ______.
These electrical impulses are random in nature. Hence the energy is spread over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio communication. Extraterrestrial Noise - is sometimes called 'space noise' depending on their sources usually outside earth and can be divided into two groups: a. Solar Noise - noise created by the sun (radiation), the intensity varies with time and is repeating every 11 years noise cycle like corona flares and sunspots. b. Cosmic Noise - is created by the stars as they make up in numbers, simply radiation coming from other stars and celestial bodies. Industrial Noise - is sometimes called 'man-made noise' which is usually between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas. (automobile ignition, electrical motors and switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines, fluorescent lights and others) 2. Most intense in industrial and densely populated ______.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the ______.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the ______.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. ______ Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. ______ Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. ______ Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. ______ Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. ____________ Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. ____________ Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
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Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in ______ and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
Wave X + Wave Y = May result to wave cancellation due to the out of phase condition of the waves (resulting wave) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) - is disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. Noise Effect: degrade system performance for both analog and digital system the receiver cannot understand the sender the receiver cannot function as it should be reduce the efficiency of communication system 3. Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals. any unwanted form of energy that interferes with transmitted signal. usually random and aperiodic. General Categories of Noise A. Correlated Noise: Noise is present when signal is also present Harmonic Distortion unwanted multiples of frequency created when amplified in a non-linear-devices Intermodulation Distortion unwanted cross-product frequencies created when signal are mixed in a non-linear-device B. Uncorrelated Noise: Noise is present regardless of signal Classification of Noise: 1. External Noise - is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system. Atmospheric Noise - is sometimes called 'static noise' is caused by lighting discharges in ______ and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
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Study Notes
Noise in Communication Systems
- Noise is any unwanted introduction of energy tending to interfere with the proper reception and reproduction of transmitted signals.
- Noise can be categorized into two types: Correlated Noise (present when signal is also present) and Uncorrelated Noise (present regardless of signal).
External Noise
- External Noise is a noise whose sources are external, or noise introduced from outside the system.
- Types of External Noise include:
- Atmospheric Noise (caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere)
- Extraterrestrial Noise (includes Solar Noise and Cosmic Noise)
- Industrial Noise (man-made noise between 1 to 600 Mhz, most intense in industrial and densely populated areas)
Thermal Agitation Noise
- The power of Thermal Agitation Noise is given by the formula: Pn = kTB
- Where: k = Boltzmann's constant, T = absolute temperature, B = bandwidth of interest
- The rms noise voltage generated by the resistor is given by the formula: Vn = √(4kTB/R)
Shot Noise
- The rms shot noise current is dependent on the current flowing instead of the temperature in a diode.
- The rms shot noise current is given by the formula: In = √(2qidcB)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio is a measure of the power of the signal relative to the power of the noise.
- It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
Noise in Amplifiers
- The noise output of a resistor is amplified by a noiseless amplifier.
- The rms noise voltage at the input to an amplifier can be calculated using the formula: Vn = √(4kTB/R)
Noise in Television Receivers
- The front end of a television receiver consists of an amplifier followed by a mixer.
- The noise voltage at the input of the television receiver can be calculated using the formula: Vn = √(4kTB/R)
Noise Reduction
- Internal Noise can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design.
- External Noise cannot be reduced except by changing locations of the receiver or the entire system.
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Description
Test your knowledge on wave interference and electromagnetic interference. Explore how waves can cancel each other out and how EMI can affect electrical circuits. Learn about the noise effects on system performance and efficiency.
