Podcast
Questions and Answers
EASY What is the main method of reducing deposition of solids?
EASY What is the main method of reducing deposition of solids?
- Using sequestering agents and chelates (correct)
- Maintaining pH levels above 7
- Using chlorine to control biological growth
- Adding sulfuric acid to increase pH levels
Why is it important to maintain pH levels between 6.5 and 7?
Why is it important to maintain pH levels between 6.5 and 7?
- To increase the effectiveness of chlorine
- To promote the deposition of solids
- To control biological growth
- To keep solids in suspension (correct)
What is the purpose of adding sulfuric acid to water treatment?
What is the purpose of adding sulfuric acid to water treatment?
- To reduce pH levels (correct)
- To increase pH levels
- To add nutrients to the water
- To control biological growth
What are polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds used for?
What are polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds used for?
What can happen if chemicals are not maintained in the cooling water?
What can happen if chemicals are not maintained in the cooling water?
Why is continuous and uniform feed necessary in cooling water systems?
Why is continuous and uniform feed necessary in cooling water systems?
What is another method of preventing calcium scale formation in cooling water systems?
What is another method of preventing calcium scale formation in cooling water systems?
Why is balancing cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls important?
Why is balancing cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls important?
What is the purpose of using an ion exchange softener in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the purpose of using an ion exchange softener in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the function of crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the function of crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
What is cycling control in cooling tower operation?
What is cycling control in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the purpose of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the benefit of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the benefit of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the result of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the result of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the benefit of using cold-lime softening in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the benefit of using cold-lime softening in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the primary purpose of using chemical inhibitors in cooling water?
What is the primary purpose of using chemical inhibitors in cooling water?
Which type of inhibitor coats the anodic surfaces of a system?
Which type of inhibitor coats the anodic surfaces of a system?
What is a consequence of incomplete coating of anodic surfaces with anodic inhibitors?
What is a consequence of incomplete coating of anodic surfaces with anodic inhibitors?
Which of the following is an example of a general inhibitor?
Which of the following is an example of a general inhibitor?
Why are chromates no longer used in systems from which water can escape?
Why are chromates no longer used in systems from which water can escape?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is the consequence of having too slow a flow rate in a cooling water system?
What is the consequence of having too slow a flow rate in a cooling water system?
How do heavy metals operate in chemical methods to prevent biological fouling?
How do heavy metals operate in chemical methods to prevent biological fouling?
What is a precaution that operators should take when working with biocides?
What is a precaution that operators should take when working with biocides?
Why do some biocides tend to increase the corrosive nature of the cooling water?
Why do some biocides tend to increase the corrosive nature of the cooling water?
What is the recommended volume of biocide for standard cooling tower systems?
What is the recommended volume of biocide for standard cooling tower systems?
Why is shock feeding of biocides used in cooling systems?
Why is shock feeding of biocides used in cooling systems?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings?
Which of the following woods has a natural resistance to biological attack?
Which of the following woods has a natural resistance to biological attack?
What is used to treat water and prevent wood deterioration?
What is used to treat water and prevent wood deterioration?
MEDIUM What is the purpose of limiting the use of nails, screws, or iron hardware in wood systems?
MEDIUM What is the purpose of limiting the use of nails, screws, or iron hardware in wood systems?
What is the recommended volume of biocide for evaporative condenser systems?
What is the recommended volume of biocide for evaporative condenser systems?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings?
Why is shock feeding of biocides used in cooling systems?
Why is shock feeding of biocides used in cooling systems?
What is the purpose of adding lime in the cold-lime softening method?
What is the purpose of adding lime in the cold-lime softening method?
What is used to treat wood and prevent deterioration?
What is used to treat wood and prevent deterioration?
Why is it important to alternate biocides once a month?
Why is it important to alternate biocides once a month?
What is the function of crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the function of crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
Which type of wood has a natural resistance to biological attack?
Which type of wood has a natural resistance to biological attack?
What is the benefit of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the benefit of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of make-up proportional blowdown?
What is the purpose of make-up proportional blowdown?
What happens to the conductivity of the water when calcium carbonate forms?
What happens to the conductivity of the water when calcium carbonate forms?
What is the purpose of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the purpose of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the benefit of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the benefit of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown?
What is the primary function of sequestering agents and chelates in water treatment?
What is the primary function of sequestering agents and chelates in water treatment?
Why is it important to maintain a low pH level in cooling water systems?
Why is it important to maintain a low pH level in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of adding specialty chemicals to cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of adding specialty chemicals to cooling water systems?
Why is it important to balance cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls?
Why is it important to balance cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls?
What is the consequence of not maintaining specialty chemicals in cooling water systems?
What is the consequence of not maintaining specialty chemicals in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of blowdown in cooling water systems?
What is the benefit of using polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds in cooling water systems?
What is the benefit of using polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds in cooling water systems?
Why is it necessary to follow site-specific water treatment procedures and guidelines?
Why is it necessary to follow site-specific water treatment procedures and guidelines?
What is the primary purpose of using chemical inhibitors in cooling water systems?
What is the primary purpose of using chemical inhibitors in cooling water systems?
Which type of inhibitor is zinc?
Which type of inhibitor is zinc?
What is a consequence of using chromates in cooling water systems?
What is a consequence of using chromates in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is the effect of having too slow a flow rate in a cooling water system?
What is the effect of having too slow a flow rate in a cooling water system?
What is the purpose of chemical methods in preventing biological fouling?
What is the purpose of chemical methods in preventing biological fouling?
What is the recommended approach when working with biocides?
What is the recommended approach when working with biocides?
Why are polysilicates and molybdates used as alternative inhibitors?
Why are polysilicates and molybdates used as alternative inhibitors?
What is the consequence of incomplete coating of metal surfaces with cathodic inhibitors?
What is the consequence of incomplete coating of metal surfaces with cathodic inhibitors?
What is the purpose of using triazoles in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of using triazoles in cooling water systems?
What is a potential consequence of using a single type of biocide continuously in a cooling system?
What is a potential consequence of using a single type of biocide continuously in a cooling system?
What is the purpose of treating water with biocides in cooling systems?
What is the purpose of treating water with biocides in cooling systems?
Why is it important to alternate biocides once a month in a cooling system?
Why is it important to alternate biocides once a month in a cooling system?
HARD What is the recommended volume of biocide for evaporative condenser systems?
HARD What is the recommended volume of biocide for evaporative condenser systems?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings in cooling systems?
What is the purpose of adding dispersants during biocide slug feedings in cooling systems?
Which type of wood has a natural resistance to biological attack?
Which type of wood has a natural resistance to biological attack?
What is the primary purpose of using general inhibitors in cooling water systems?
What is the primary purpose of using general inhibitors in cooling water systems?
What is a consequence of not achieving sufficient concentration of anodic inhibitors?
What is a consequence of not achieving sufficient concentration of anodic inhibitors?
Why are chromates no longer used in systems from which water can escape?
Why are chromates no longer used in systems from which water can escape?
What is the function of polysilicates and molybdates in cooling water systems?
What is the function of polysilicates and molybdates in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of Y-strainers or equivalent in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of Y-strainers or equivalent in cooling water systems?
How do heavy metals operate in chemical methods to prevent biological fouling?
How do heavy metals operate in chemical methods to prevent biological fouling?
What is a consequence of incomplete coating of metal surfaces with inhibitors?
What is a consequence of incomplete coating of metal surfaces with inhibitors?
Why is it important to maintain a sufficient concentration of biocides in cooling water systems?
Why is it important to maintain a sufficient concentration of biocides in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is the purpose of screens and filters in cooling water systems?
What is a precaution that operators should take when working with biocides?
What is a precaution that operators should take when working with biocides?
What is the primary mechanism by which sequestering agents and chelates reduce the deposition of solids?
What is the primary mechanism by which sequestering agents and chelates reduce the deposition of solids?
What is the effect of high pH levels on the deposition of solids?
What is the effect of high pH levels on the deposition of solids?
What is the purpose of adding sulfuric acid to the water treatment process?
What is the purpose of adding sulfuric acid to the water treatment process?
What is the consequence of not maintaining the correct concentration of specialty chemicals in the cooling water?
What is the consequence of not maintaining the correct concentration of specialty chemicals in the cooling water?
What is the purpose of using polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds in the water treatment process?
What is the purpose of using polymeric organics and organic phosphorus compounds in the water treatment process?
Why is it necessary to balance cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls?
Why is it necessary to balance cooling towers with complementary corrosion and biological controls?
What is another method of preventing the formation of calcium scale in cooling water systems?
What is another method of preventing the formation of calcium scale in cooling water systems?
What is the consequence of rapid scaling in cooling water systems?
What is the consequence of rapid scaling in cooling water systems?
What is the primary advantage of using crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the primary advantage of using crystal modification chemicals in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the purpose of cycling control in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of cycling control in cooling tower operation?
What is the consequence of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the consequence of operating a cooling tower at higher cycles of concentration?
What is the purpose of using cold-lime softening in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the purpose of using cold-lime softening in cooling tower water treatment?
What is the consequence of calcium carbonate forming in the cooling water system?
What is the consequence of calcium carbonate forming in the cooling water system?
What is the purpose of using make-up proportional blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of using make-up proportional blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the benefit of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the benefit of using corrosion resistant materials in cooling tower construction?
What is the purpose of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the purpose of using sacrificial anodes in cooling tower corrosion control?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the typical range of cycles of concentration in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown in cooling tower operation?
What is the purpose of conductivity-based blowdown in cooling tower operation?
Study Notes
Deposition of Solids (Scaling)
- Sequestering agents and chelates are used to reduce deposition of solids, keeping them in suspension to be blown down.
- Maintaining pH levels is important, with higher pH promoting deposition of solids and lower pH (6.5 to 7) helping keep solids in suspension.
- Specialty chemicals, such as polymeric organics (polyaculates) and organic phosphorus compounds, are added to keep scale-forming salts in solution.
Methods to Prevent Calcium Scale Formation
- Remove calcium hardness from water with softening process prior to use.
- Keep scale-forming salts in solution using crystal modification chemicals.
- Precipitate calcium as a removable (soft) sludge rather than as a hard scale.
Cooling Tower Maintenance
- Maintain appropriate cycles of concentration to minimize deposition and corrosion.
- Use cycle control methods, such as make-up proportional blowdown and conductivity-based blowdown, to keep costs at a minimum.
- Balance the need to minimize water consumption and sewage disposal with the risk of deposition and corrosion.
Corrosion Control
- Use corrosion-resistant metals and materials, protective coatings, sacrificial anodes, and induced electric currents to direct corrosion to tolerable sites.
- Apply protective films using chemical inhibitors, classified into cathodic, anodic, and general inhibitors.
Plugging or Erosion of Equipment
- Use screens and filters to prevent plugging and erosion.
- Install a Y-strainer upstream of the blowdown valve to prevent plugging.
Biological Fouling
- Use mechanical methods, such as trash bars and strainers, and chemical methods, such as biocides, to protect against biological fouling.
- Biocides work in concentrations greater than a minimum dosage and maintained for a set amount of time.
- Use precautions when working with biocides, such as rubber gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection.
Wood Deterioration
- Choose woods that have a natural resistance to biological attack.
- Treat with wood preservatives, such as creosote or chromated copper arsenate.
- Limit the use of nails, screws, or iron hardware, which accelerate deterioration of wood in their vicinity.
Deposition of Solids (Scaling)
- Sequestering agents and chelates are used to reduce deposition of solids, keeping them in suspension to be blown down.
- Maintaining pH levels is important, with higher pH promoting deposition of solids and lower pH (6.5 to 7) helping keep solids in suspension.
- Specialty chemicals, such as polymeric organics (polyaculates) and organic phosphorus compounds, are added to keep scale-forming salts in solution.
Methods to Prevent Calcium Scale Formation
- Remove calcium hardness from water with softening process prior to use.
- Keep scale-forming salts in solution using crystal modification chemicals.
- Precipitate calcium as a removable (soft) sludge rather than as a hard scale.
Cooling Tower Maintenance
- Maintain appropriate cycles of concentration to minimize deposition and corrosion.
- Use cycle control methods, such as make-up proportional blowdown and conductivity-based blowdown, to keep costs at a minimum.
- Balance the need to minimize water consumption and sewage disposal with the risk of deposition and corrosion.
Corrosion Control
- Use corrosion-resistant metals and materials, protective coatings, sacrificial anodes, and induced electric currents to direct corrosion to tolerable sites.
- Apply protective films using chemical inhibitors, classified into cathodic, anodic, and general inhibitors.
Plugging or Erosion of Equipment
- Use screens and filters to prevent plugging and erosion.
- Install a Y-strainer upstream of the blowdown valve to prevent plugging.
Biological Fouling
- Use mechanical methods, such as trash bars and strainers, and chemical methods, such as biocides, to protect against biological fouling.
- Biocides work in concentrations greater than a minimum dosage and maintained for a set amount of time.
- Use precautions when working with biocides, such as rubber gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection.
Wood Deterioration
- Choose woods that have a natural resistance to biological attack.
- Treat with wood preservatives, such as creosote or chromated copper arsenate.
- Limit the use of nails, screws, or iron hardware, which accelerate deterioration of wood in their vicinity.
Deposition of Solids (Scaling)
- Sequestering agents and chelates are used to reduce deposition of solids, keeping them in suspension to be blown down.
- Maintaining pH levels is important, with higher pH promoting deposition of solids and lower pH (6.5 to 7) helping keep solids in suspension.
- Specialty chemicals, such as polymeric organics (polyaculates) and organic phosphorus compounds, are added to keep scale-forming salts in solution.
Methods to Prevent Calcium Scale Formation
- Remove calcium hardness from water with softening process prior to use.
- Keep scale-forming salts in solution using crystal modification chemicals.
- Precipitate calcium as a removable (soft) sludge rather than as a hard scale.
Cooling Tower Maintenance
- Maintain appropriate cycles of concentration to minimize deposition and corrosion.
- Use cycle control methods, such as make-up proportional blowdown and conductivity-based blowdown, to keep costs at a minimum.
- Balance the need to minimize water consumption and sewage disposal with the risk of deposition and corrosion.
Corrosion Control
- Use corrosion-resistant metals and materials, protective coatings, sacrificial anodes, and induced electric currents to direct corrosion to tolerable sites.
- Apply protective films using chemical inhibitors, classified into cathodic, anodic, and general inhibitors.
Plugging or Erosion of Equipment
- Use screens and filters to prevent plugging and erosion.
- Install a Y-strainer upstream of the blowdown valve to prevent plugging.
Biological Fouling
- Use mechanical methods, such as trash bars and strainers, and chemical methods, such as biocides, to protect against biological fouling.
- Biocides work in concentrations greater than a minimum dosage and maintained for a set amount of time.
- Use precautions when working with biocides, such as rubber gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection.
Wood Deterioration
- Choose woods that have a natural resistance to biological attack.
- Treat with wood preservatives, such as creosote or chromated copper arsenate.
- Limit the use of nails, screws, or iron hardware, which accelerate deterioration of wood in their vicinity.
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Description
Learn about common water treatment methods and ways to prevent deposition of solids, also known as scaling. Understand the importance of site-specific treatment procedures and guidelines.
