Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which coenzyme form is associated with Thiamin (B1)?
Which coenzyme form is associated with Thiamin (B1)?
What is the primary dietary source of Riboflavin (B2)?
What is the primary dietary source of Riboflavin (B2)?
Which disease is associated with severe thiamine deficiency?
Which disease is associated with severe thiamine deficiency?
What role do coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ play in the body?
What role do coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ play in the body?
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Which of the following vitamins is classified as hematopoietic?
Which of the following vitamins is classified as hematopoietic?
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What is a common consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
What is a common consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
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Which vitamin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan?
Which vitamin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan?
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What is the coenzyme form of Riboflavin (B2)?
What is the coenzyme form of Riboflavin (B2)?
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What is one of the main roles of Vitamin C in the body?
What is one of the main roles of Vitamin C in the body?
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What symptoms are early indicators of Thiamin deficiency?
What symptoms are early indicators of Thiamin deficiency?
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What are the three classic symptoms associated with Pellagra?
What are the three classic symptoms associated with Pellagra?
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Which vitamin is closely associated with amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis?
Which vitamin is closely associated with amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis?
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What is the primary function of folic acid?
What is the primary function of folic acid?
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Which food sources are rich in vitamin B12?
Which food sources are rich in vitamin B12?
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What deficiency disease results from a lack of Vitamin C?
What deficiency disease results from a lack of Vitamin C?
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Why is intrinsic factor important for vitamin B12 absorption?
Why is intrinsic factor important for vitamin B12 absorption?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?
Which of the following conditions is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?
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What is one of the key roles of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in the body?
What is one of the key roles of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in the body?
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What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate during pregnancy?
What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate during pregnancy?
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What effect does vitamin C have on iron absorption?
What effect does vitamin C have on iron absorption?
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Study Notes
Water Soluble Vitamins
- Water-soluble vitamins are crucial for various bodily functions.
- They are generally not stored in the body, so dietary intake is essential.
- The presentation covers key vitamins B1 through B12, along with vitamin C.
Learning Objectives
- List the water-soluble vitamins.
- Classify B vitamins as energy-releasing or hematopoietic (or both).
- Describe the role of each B vitamin's coenzyme form.
- Explain vitamin C's role within the body.
- List diseases associated with water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
B Vitamins
- Categorized as energy-releasing or hematopoietic.
- Energy-releasing: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, and Biotin
- Hematopoietic: Folic Acid and B12
Thiamin (B1)
- Coenzyme form: Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP).
- Key role: Carbohydrate metabolism, nerve impulse transmission.
- Sources: Whole grains, yeast, seeds, vegetables, egg, milk.
- Note: Thiamin is destroyed by excessive cooking.
- Deficiency diseases: Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics).
Riboflavin (B2)
- Coenzymes: FMN and FAD.
- Key function: Oxidation-reduction reactions (e.g., fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle).
- Sources: Milk, mushrooms, leafy green vegetables, meat, eggs, yeast, liver.
- Note: UV light degrades riboflavin.
- Deficiency symptoms: Glossitis, cheilosis, angular stomatitis.
Niacin (B3)
- Coenzymes: NAD+ and NADP+.
- Key Roles: Various metabolic pathways (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC, cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation).
- Structure: Nicotinic acid or Niacinamide.
- Synthesized from tryptophan.
- Sources: Yeast, fish, poultry, meat (high protein foods), liver.
- Deficiency disease: Pellagra (3Ds - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia).
Pyridoxine (B6)
- Coenzyme form: Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP).
- Key roles: Amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and heme synthesis.
- Deficiency: Neurological symptoms, anemia.
Pantothenic Acid
- Coenzyme form: Coenzyme A (CoA-SH).
- Important coenzyme in metabolic pathways.
Biotin
- Coenzyme form: Biotinyl lysine involved in carboxylation.
Folic Acid
- Coenzyme form: Tetrahydrofolate (FH4).
- Key role: DNA synthesis, cell division(prevents anemia).
- Prevents neural tube defects (Spina bifida, anencephaly) in the developing fetus.
- Sources: Legumes, green leafy vegetables, oranges, orange juice.
- RDA increases during pregnancy and lactation.
- Supplementation common during pregnancy.
B12 (Cobalamins)
- Coenzyme forms: Methylcobalamin, and deoxyadenosyl cobalamin.
- Absorption requires intrinsic factor (protein secreted by stomach cells).
- Stored in the liver.
- Sources: Animal products (liver, fish, eggs, meat, milk, yogurt).
- Vegans may have difficulty in meeting requirements.
- Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (requires injection), combined degeneration.
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
- Role in collagen formation, wound healing, bone formation,
- Increases iron absorption.
- Antioxidant: Protecting other molecules from oxidation.
- Deficiency disease: Scurvy (bleeding gums, loose teeth, hemorrhages).
- Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, green leafy vegetables.
- Note: Vitamin C is unstable and degraded by heating, oxygen, and light.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of water-soluble vitamins, including B1 to B12 and vitamin C. This quiz emphasizes dietary needs, the classification of B vitamins, and their health implications. Learn about coenzyme roles and diseases linked to deficiencies.
