Mastering Water-Soluble Vitamins B and C
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Questions and Answers

Which vitamins are water soluble?

  • Vitamins A and B
  • Vitamins C and D
  • Vitamins D and E
  • Vitamins B and C (correct)

What is the function of water soluble vitamins?

  • Act as coenzymes (correct)
  • Act as antioxidants
  • Act as structural components
  • Act as hormones

How are water soluble vitamins affected by cooking?

  • They remain unaffected by cooking
  • They are lost in water used for cooking (correct)
  • They are destroyed by air exposure
  • They are destroyed by heat

Which vitamin is important for wound healing?

<p>Vitamin C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a deficiency of vitamin C cause?

<p>Scurvy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foods are good sources of vitamin C?

<p>Fruits and vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin B1 (thiamine)?

<p>Provide energy to the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foods are good sources of vitamin B1?

<p>Enriched grains and cereals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more susceptible to vitamin C deficiency?

<p>People with medical conditions affecting vitamin C absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does vitamin C deficiency cause gingivitis or periodontal disease?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

<p>Vitamin B1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is sensitive to light and should be stored in cardboard/opaque containers?

<p>Vitamin B2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is characterized by angular cheilitis and glossitis?

<p>Vitamin B2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is made from the amino acid Tryptophan?

<p>Vitamin B3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with Pellagra?

<p>Vitamin B3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism?

<p>Vitamin B5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with tongue pallor and patchy atrophy of lingual papillae?

<p>Vitamin B7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA?

<p>Vitamin B9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is ONLY found in animal products?

<p>Vitamin B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia and glossopyrosis?

<p>Vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body?

<p>LDL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein transfers cholesterol back to the liver from the bloodstream?

<p>HDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fat is formed when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil during processing?

<p>Trans fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is important for vision in dim light, cell differentiation, and bone and tooth development?

<p>Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is the primary source of energy, most economical, and the most abundant?

<p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monosaccharide is the most efficient energy source for the body and is the main fuel for the brain and needed for the RBCs?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose?

<p>Sucrose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is derived from the hydrolysis of lactose and is used to make lactose in mammary tissue to supply breast milk?

<p>Galactose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-digestible carbohydrate that aids in peristalsis and the elimination of water?

<p>Fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an energy storage carbohydrate found in plants, digesting at a slower rate?

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an energy storage carbohydrate found in animals, stored in muscles and liver?

<p>Glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of dietary fiber that becomes viscous in solution and may reduce cholesterol levels?

<p>Soluble dietary fiber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in the production of collagen important in wound healing?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with red, swollen, febrile gingiva that bleeds spontaneously?

<p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is a coenzyme in ATP production and is made from the amino acid Tryptophan?

<p>Vitamin B3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is a coenzyme in protein synthesis and converts tryptophan to niacin?

<p>Vitamin B6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is the most abundant mineral in the body and is responsible for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is the second most abundant in the body and plays a role in bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis?

<p>Phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is required for fluid-electrolyte balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and heart function?

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency is associated with fragile alveolar bone, gingival hyperatrophy, cardiac arrhythmias, and neuromuscular dysfunction?

<p>Magnesium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids (SFA)?

<p>They are found in beef and lard. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of lipids?

<p>Provide energy and maintain body temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

<p>Omega 6 (Linoleic acid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cholesterol?

<p>It is highest in egg yolks, liver, and organ meats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is the most difficult to obtain in adequate amounts in the American diet?

<p>Iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency is associated with symptoms such as pallor of the lips and oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, and glossitis?

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is a component of hemoglobin, converts B-carotene to Vitamin A, is involved in collagen synthesis, and helps remove lipids from the blood?

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is NOT found in milk?

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is associated with hyperkalemia, elevated serum potassium, and impaired renal excretion?

<p>Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is associated with hypokalemia, low serum potassium, and symptoms such as muscle weakness in legs, leg cramps, and electrocardiographic changes?

<p>Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins. They dissolve in water and are easily absorbed by the body.

What is the function of water-soluble vitamins?

Water-soluble vitamins act as coenzymes, helping enzymes perform their functions in the body.

How are water-soluble vitamins affected by cooking?

Water-soluble vitamins are lost in water used for cooking, especially when food is boiled or steamed for long periods.

Which vitamin is important for wound healing?

Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, which plays a crucial role in wound healing.

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What does a deficiency of vitamin C cause?

Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and bleeding gums. It is a serious condition.

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Which foods are good sources of vitamin C?

Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of vitamin C. Examples include citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers, and broccoli.

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What is the function of vitamin B1 (thiamine)?

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) plays a vital role in energy production, particularly in the brain.

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Which foods are good sources of vitamin B1?

Enriched grains and cereals are good sources of vitamin B1. Examples include bread, pasta, and rice.

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Who is more susceptible to vitamin C deficiency?

People with medical conditions affecting vitamin C absorption, such as malabsorption syndromes or digestive disorders, are more prone to vitamin C deficiency.

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Does vitamin C deficiency cause gingivitis or periodontal disease?

Vitamin C deficiency does not directly cause gingivitis or periodontal disease. However, it can weaken the gums and make them more susceptible to these conditions.

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Which vitamin is associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by severe vitamin B1 deficiency. It can lead to confusion, memory loss, and impaired coordination.

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Which vitamin is sensitive to light and should be stored in cardboard/opaque containers?

Vitamin B2 is sensitive to light and should be stored in cardboard or opaque containers to prevent degradation.

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Which vitamin deficiency is characterized by angular cheilitis and glossitis?

Angular cheilitis and glossitis are characterized by cracking at the corners of the mouth and inflammation of the tongue, respectively. They can be symptoms of vitamin B2 deficiency.

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Which vitamin is made from the amino acid Tryptophan?

Vitamin B3 is made from the amino acid tryptophan. It plays a crucial role in energy production and cell function.

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Which vitamin deficiency is associated with Pellagra?

Pellagra is a disease caused by vitamin B3 deficiency. Symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

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Which vitamin is involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism?

Vitamin B5 is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, playing a crucial role in energy production.

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Which vitamin deficiency is associated with tongue pallor and patchy atrophy of lingual papillae?

Vitamin B7 deficiency can lead to tongue pallor and patchy atrophy of lingual papillae, affecting the appearance of the tongue.

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Which vitamin is involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA?

Vitamin B9 is involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA, essential for cell growth and division.

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Which vitamin is ONLY found in animal products?

Vitamin B12 is unique because it is only found in animal products. It is essential for red blood cell formation and nerve function.

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Which vitamin deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia and glossopyrosis?

Pernicious anemia and glossopyrosis are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Pernicious anemia involves impaired red blood cell production, while glossopyrosis causes a burning sensation on the tongue.

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Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is responsible for carrying cholesterol from the liver to other parts of the body. It is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" because high levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries.

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Which lipoprotein transfers cholesterol back to the liver from the bloodstream?

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is responsible for transferring cholesterol back to the liver from the bloodstream. It is often called "good cholesterol" as it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries.

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Which type of fat is formed when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil during processing?

Trans fatty acids are created when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil during processing. They are considered unhealthy and are linked to increased risk of heart disease.

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Which vitamin is important for vision in dim light, cell differentiation, and bone and tooth development?

Vitamin A is crucial for vision, particularly in dim light. It also plays a role in cell differentiation, bone and tooth development, and immune function.

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Which nutrient is the primary source of energy, most economical, and the most abundant?

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body. They are relatively inexpensive and readily available.

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Which monosaccharide is the most efficient energy source for the body and is the main fuel for the brain and needed for the RBCs?

Glucose is the most efficient energy source for the body. It is the main fuel for the brain and is needed for red blood cells.

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Which disaccharide is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose?

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly known as table sugar.

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Which sugar is derived from the hydrolysis of lactose and is used to make lactose in mammary tissue to supply breast milk?

Galactose is a monosaccharide derived from the hydrolysis of lactose. It is used to synthesize lactose in mammary tissue for breast milk.

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Which of the following is a non-digestible carbohydrate that aids in peristalsis and the elimination of water?

Fibers are non-digestible carbohydrates that aid in peristalsis and the elimination of waste. They contribute to digestive health. There are soluble and insoluble fiber types.

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Which of the following is an energy storage carbohydrate found in plants, digesting at a slower rate?

Starch is an energy storage carbohydrate found in plants. It is digested at a slower rate than other carbohydrates.

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Which of the following is an energy storage carbohydrate found in animals, stored in muscles and liver?

Glycogen is an energy storage carbohydrate found in animals. It is stored in muscles and the liver.

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Which of the following is a type of dietary fiber that becomes viscous in solution and may reduce cholesterol levels?

Soluble dietary fiber becomes viscous in solution. It can help reduce cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar.

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Which vitamin is involved in the production of collagen important in wound healing?

Vitamin C is essential for collagen production, which is vital for wound healing and maintaining the integrity of gums.

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Which vitamin deficiency is associated with red, swollen, febrile gingiva that bleeds spontaneously?

A deficiency of vitamin C can lead to red, swollen, febrile (inflamed) gingiva that bleeds spontaneously. This is a characteristic symptom of scurvy.

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Which vitamin is a coenzyme in ATP production and is made from the amino acid Tryptophan?

Vitamin B3, or niacin, is a coenzyme involved in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production, the body's primary energy currency. It is derived from the amino acid tryptophan.

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Which vitamin is a coenzyme in protein synthesis and converts tryptophan to niacin?

Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme involved in protein synthesis and the conversion of the amino acid tryptophan into niacin (vitamin B3).

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Which vitamin is the most abundant mineral in the body and is responsible for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting?

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, playing vital roles in muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting, and bone health.

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Which mineral is the second most abundant in the body and plays a role in bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis?

Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body, involved in numerous functions including bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

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Which mineral is required for fluid-electrolyte balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and heart function?

Potassium is a mineral crucial for fluid-electrolyte balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and heart function.

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Which mineral deficiency is associated with fragile alveolar bone, gingival hyperatrophy, cardiac arrhythmias, and neuromuscular dysfunction?

Magnesium deficiency can lead to fragile alveolar bone, gingival hyperatrophy (enlarged gums), cardiac arrhythmias, and neuromuscular dysfunction. It is important for maintaining oral health.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids (SFA)?

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are typically solid at room temperature and are found in animal products like beef and lard. While they are essential for the body, consuming too much can increase the risk of heart disease.

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Which of the following is a function of lipids?

Lipids, or fats, have various functions in the body, including providing energy, maintaining body temperature, aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and providing structure and protection for organs.

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Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Omega 6 fatty acids, like linoleic acid, are essential fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet. They are important for various functions, including cell growth and development.

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Which of the following is true about cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a type of lipid found in animal products and is essential for cell membranes and hormone production. However, high levels of cholesterol in the blood can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

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Which mineral is the most difficult to obtain in adequate amounts in the American diet?

Iron is an essential mineral for producing hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It is also involved in various other processes in the body.

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Which mineral deficiency is associated with symptoms such as pallor of the lips and oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, and glossitis?

Iron deficiency, or anemia, can lead to symptoms like pallor (paleness) of the lips and oral mucosa, angular cheilitis (cracking at the corners of the mouth), and glossitis (inflammation of the tongue).

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Which mineral is a component of hemoglobin, converts B-carotene to Vitamin A, is involved in collagen synthesis, and helps remove lipids from the blood?

Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin. It plays a role in converting beta-carotene to vitamin A, collagen synthesis, and lipid removal from the blood.

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Which mineral is NOT found in milk?

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and is primarily found in dairy products. It is essential for strong bones and teeth, muscle function, and nerve signaling.

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Which mineral is associated with hyperkalemia, elevated serum potassium, and impaired renal excretion?

Hyperkalemia refers to elevated serum potassium levels, which can occur due to impaired renal excretion, excessive intake, or certain medical conditions. It can affect heart rhythm and muscle function.

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Which mineral is associated with hypokalemia, low serum potassium, and symptoms such as muscle weakness in legs, leg cramps, and electrocardiographic changes?

Hypokalemia is characterized by low serum potassium levels. This can be caused by inadequate intake, excessive loss through urine or diarrhea, or certain medications. It can lead to symptoms like leg weakness, cramps, and heart rhythm abnormalities.

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Study Notes

Overview of Water Soluble Vitamins: B and C

  • Water soluble vitamins are organic substances containing nitrogen that are easily absorbed in the jejunum and excreted in urine. The body does not store these vitamins and requires daily intake.
  • Vitamins B and C act as coenzymes and are required for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, as well as blood formation (hemopoiesis).
  • These vitamins can be destroyed by heat or air exposure and are lost in water used for cooking.
  • Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is important for the production of collagen, wound healing, improved immunity, antioxidant effects, and the protection of oral soft tissues.
  • Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, green peppers, broccoli, tomatoes, and melons.
  • Vitamin C deficiency can lead to scurvy, which causes symptoms such as diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and impaired bone growth. It also affects the mouth, causing swollen and bleeding gums, delayed wound healing, sore and burning mouth, and malformed enamel and dentin.
  • Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, provides energy to the brain, central nervous system, and heart. It is also a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and niacin synthesis.
  • Vitamin B1 is found in pork, enriched grains and cereals, legumes, and nuts.
  • Vitamin B1 deficiency can cause conditions like beriberi, which damages the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, associated with alcoholism and characterized by mental confusion, eye movement abnormalities, and gait disorders.
  • Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is important for growth, red blood cell production, and maintaining healthy eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. It is also a coenzyme for metabolism.
  • Vitamin B2 is found in organ meats, lean meats, fortified grains and cereals, eggs, cottage cheese, and milk.
  • Vitamin B2 deficiency can lead to a condition called ariboflavinosis, which manifests as angular cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis, and anemia.

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Test your knowledge on water-soluble vitamins B and C with this quiz! Learn about their functions as coenzymes, their absorption and excretion processes, and the importance of daily intake. Discover how heat, air exposure, and water used for cooking can affect these vitamins. Challenge yourself on the potential effects of deficiencies.

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