Water-Soluble Vitamins Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the common clinical name for the deficiency of Vitamin B1?

  • Ariboflavinosis
  • Beriberi (correct)
  • Sideroblastic anemia
  • Megaloblastic anemia

    • Which symptom is NOT associated with dry Beri-Beri?

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Rapid heart rate (correct)
  • Enlarged heart

    • Which food is considered the best dietary source of Vitamin B2?

  • Pork
  • Whole grains
  • Dairy products (correct)
  • Legumes

    • What enzyme is associated with Vitamin B2?

    <p>Succinate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a noted effect of heavy alcohol intake on thiamine status?

    <p>Main cause of thiamine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from a deficiency of vitamin B12?

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vitamin B12 deficiency primarily treated in patients?

    <p>Intramuscular injections or nasal spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a result of vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA for vitamin C?

    <p>75-90 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of vitamin B12?

    <p>Steamed clams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Poor wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of excessive intake of vitamin C?

    <p>Headaches and GI problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is considered a vitamin-like essential nutrient?

    <p>Choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Niacin (Vitamin B3) in the body?

    <p>To act as a coenzyme in more than 400 enzymatic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the 3Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin K in the body?

    <p>Promoting blood clotting and skeletal formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is primarily caused by iodine deficiency?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a deficiency in Niacin synthesis?

    <p>Use of Isoniazid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known symptom of excess Niacin intake?

    <p>Facial flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a deficiency in vitamin K lead to in terms of bone health?

    <p>Mineralization defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Vitamin B6?

    <p>1.3 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food sources are particularly high in iodine?

    <p>Iodized salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of magnesium deficiency?

    <p>Loss of appetite and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the effects of a deficiency in Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)?

    <p>Burning feet syndrome and adrenal failure in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is considered at risk for Niacin deficiency?

    <p>Chronic alcoholics and dialysis patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by thyroid failure and is associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is often used for Graves disease?

    <p>Radioactive iodine therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of NAD+ in the body?

    <p>It acts both as a redox cofactor and a substrate for various enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential symptoms of magnesium toxicity?

    <p>Diarrhea and cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of magnesium in adult humans?

    <p>60% in the skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is treated with magnesium supplementation?

    <p>Pre-eclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with zinc deficiency?

    <p>Acrodermatitis enteropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the established tolerable upper intake level (UL) for manganese?

    <p>11 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dietary source of retinol?

    <p>Liver and fish oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral's deficiency can lead to impaired immune function?

    <p>Zn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Impaired dark adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of molybdenum deficiency?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended upper limit (UL) of Vitamin D intake?

    <p>4000 IU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals can compete with manganese absorption?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by poor bone formation in children?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form does molybdenum predominantly exist in?

    <p>+4 and +6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin E in the human body?

    <p>Lipid-soluble antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of consuming excessive amounts of Vitamin A?

    <p>Hypervitaminosis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food sources are rich in beta-carotene?

    <p>Orange and green vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from a genetic abnormality related to Vitamin E?

    <p>Ataxia with Vitamin E deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water-Soluble Vitamins

    • B vitamins are primarily absorbed in the small intestine (jejunum)- B12 is absorbed in the terminal ileum.
    • Thiamine (Vitamin B1): RDA 1.1-1.2 mg (no UL). Deficiency symptoms include Beri-Beri (dry and wet), and cerebral. Dry beri-beri involves peripheral neuropathy. Wet beri-beri involves cardiac issues (rapid heart rate, enlarged heart, edema, breathing difficulties). Beriberi can be caused by heavy alcohol use. Best dietary sources include whole grains, pork, legumes, and seeds.
    • Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): RDA 1.1-1.3 mg (no UL). Deficiency (ariboflavinosis) is rare. Symptoms include sore throat, cracked lips, red lips, inflamed tongue, seborrheic dermatitis, and anemia. Best dietary sources are dairy products, Eggs, meat/fish, and green vegetables.
    • Niacin (Vitamin B3): RDA 14-16 mg (UL 35 mg). Deficiency symptoms include pellagra (3Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia/delirium), GI issues, and facial flushing. Sources are black tongue disease (diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain), meat, whole grains, legumes, and seeds.
    • Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5): RDA 5 mg (no UL). Deficiency is rare in humans. Symptoms include adrenal failure, if deficient in animals. Widely distributed in foods.
    • Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): RDA 1.3 mg (UL 100 mg). Deficiency involves seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, glossitis, and neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, problems walking. It's crucial for a variety of enzymatic reactions. Foods rich in B6 include fish, poultry, nuts, legumes, potatoes, and bananas.
    • Biotin (Vitamin B7): RDA 30 ug (no UL). Deficiency symptoms can include conjunctivitis, neurological abnormalities, glossitis, alopecia, nausea, and loss of appetite. Sources include liver, egg yolks, whole grains.
    • Folate (Vitamin B9): RDA 400 ug (UL 1000 ug). Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia. Sources include leafy greens, citrus, and legumes.
    • Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): RDA 2.4 ug (no UL). Deficiency causes pernicious anemia (intrinsic factor deficiency) and neurological abnormalities. Foods high in B12 include liver, egg yolks, and animal products.

    Fat-Soluble Vitamins

    • Vitamin A: RDA 700-900 RAE (UL 3000 RAE). Deficiency in vitamin A can cause night blindness. Important for vision. Sources include orange and green vegetables, liver, and fish oils.
    • Vitamin D: RDA 600-800 IU (UL 4000 IU). Deficiency can cause rickets (in children) or osteomalacia (in adults). Sources include fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified foods.
    • Vitamin E: RDA 15 mg (UL 1000 mg). Deficiency is rare but may lead to neurological disorders, and problems with blood clotting. Good sources include vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
    • Vitamin K: RDA 90-120 mcg (no UL). A deficiency in Vitamin K can cause bleeding problems, deficiency is associated with diseases affecting bile production or absorption. Good sources include green leafy vegetables, animal liver, and fermented foods.

    Minerals

    • Magnesium: RDA 320-420 mg (UL 350 mg). Deficiency symptoms include fatigue, constipation, cold skin/intolerance, and possible depression. Foods high in magnesium include green leafy vegetables, legumes, seeds, and nuts.
    • Manganese: RDA 1.8-2.3 mg (UL 11 mg). Deficiency can impact skeletal development and collagen production. Sources include nuts and grains.
    • Zinc: RDA 8-11 mg (UL 40 mg). Deficiency is associated with growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. Good dietary sources include red meats, shellfish, and animal products.
    • Iodine: RDA 150 mcg (no UL). Deficiency leads to goiter and can impair physical and mental development. Foods include seafood and iodized salt.

    Additional Information

    • RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowance
    • UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level
    • AI: Adequate Intake

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    Description

    This quiz covers key information about water-soluble vitamins, particularly the B vitamins. You'll learn about their absorption, recommended daily allowances (RDA), deficiency symptoms, and dietary sources. Testing your knowledge of these essential nutrients will enhance your understanding of nutrition.

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