Nutrition Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins Quiz

When water-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess of body needs, generally the excess is ____.

A major function of B vitamins is to serve as ____.

Most animals synthesize their own ascorbic acid from ____.

When ascorbic acid becomes dehydroascorbic acid, it has ____.

Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in ____.

The organ that is most commonly used as a storage site for B vitamins is the ____.

Which water-soluble vitamin contributes to 'intracellular cement' in the formation of scar tissue and wound healing?

The B vitamin that is involved in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) is ____.

Beriberi is a deficiency syndrome associated with ____.

Without enough vitamin C, collagen would ____.

A primary function of vitamin C is to act as an ____.

Vitamin C's actual participation in biochemical reactions usually involves its antioxidant ability. Choose the description of this activity.

The necessity of ascorbic acid for its role in ____ is believed to be the reason that people with scurvy have no energy and are very tired.

The RDA for vitamin C for adult men is ____ and the UL is ____.

In what way are water-soluble vitamins absorbed?

A major role for thiamin is ____.

Thiamin is important to fatty acid synthesis due to its requirement as a coenzyme for the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme ____.

A consequence of thiamin deficiency is ____.

Erythrocyte transketolase activity is an assay to assess the status of ____.

Riboflavin is found most often in ____.

FMN and FAD act as prosthetic groups for enzymes called ____.

Cheilosis is a symptom of a dietary deficiency of which vitamin?

When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid?

The best sources of niacin are ____.

Which classical vitamin deficiency is known for the four Ds: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death?

Which of the water-soluble vitamins is found widely distributed in all plant and animal foods, which makes a deficiency unlikely?

Synthesis of coenzyme A starts with the phosphorylation of which vitamin?

Hair loss associated with eating raw eggs may be reversed by treatment with ____.

Decarboxylation of pyruvate is achieved by the interaction of pantothenic acid with thiamin, riboflavin, and ____.

A deficiency of which vitamin is associated with these symptoms: hallucinations, lethargy, skin rash, alopecia, and muscle pain?

Folate in foods can only be absorbed in the monoglutamate form; therefore, digestive enzymes called ____ are important for folate nutriture.

Consumption of raw eggs causes a biotin deficiency due to the binding of ____ to the biotin, thus preventing its absorption.

Folate's discovery resulted from the search to cure ____.

Which of the following reflects long-term folate status?

The degradation of ____ provides the majority of one-carbon groups for pyrimidine synthesis. In this process, ____ is formed.

Methylation of DNA influences gene expression. Which vitamin is important in this process?

Folate and ____ participate in the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine.

5-methyl THF requires the action of which vitamin in order to form THF?

Burning foot syndrome may be caused by a deficiency of ____.

Methionine is used to synthesize S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). This is important so that ____.

Folate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer because of its essential role in the synthesis of ____.

Tetrahydrofolate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer and knowledge of this need is used in cancer treatment by giving the drug methotrexate to inhibit the enzyme ____.

The last vitamin to be discovered was ____.

A cobalt deficiency may lead to ____.

Intrinsic factor is required for the majority of absorption of which vitamin?

Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ____.

Pyridoxine is found almost exclusively in ____.

Free pyridoxine is yielded by the action of ____.

Large amounts of folic acid can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency and prevent ____ from resulting. Over time, the symptoms unique to a vitamin B12 deficiency will occur, and these are related to the ____.

Which vitamin is most involved in amino acid metabolism?

Pellagra symptoms may appear during B6 deficiency because this vitamin is required in the process of obtaining niacin from tryptophan.

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored, but readily excreted-the one exception is that we can store folate in the liver.

Pernicious anemia can be due to folate or B12 deficiency.

Fish are a major source of thiamin.

The primary role of vitamin C is as a reducing agent, particularly for the mineral component of a number of enzymes that becomes oxidized following catalysis of a reaction.

High circulating levels of homocysteine (i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia) have been implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease.

Biotin appears to be a very safe vitamin supplement as there has been no toxicity reported from oral biotin ingestion nor is there a Tolerable Upper Intake Level established.

Increases in plasma holotranscobalamin TCII concentrations provide an indication of vitamin B12 absorption.

Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.

Abnormally high urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid may be an indication of niacin deficiency.

An example of a cleavage reaction requiring PLP is the degradation of thiamin into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties.

Initial research on vitamin B6 was aimed at correcting dermatitis in rats.

Vitamin C's antioxidant abilities may inhibit high-density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation, which may diminish plaque formation associated with heart disease.

Most thiamin in the American diet comes from products that have been enriched.

Large doses of nicotinic acid are used to treat certain types of hyperlipidemias.

Nutrients can be used to compensate for some gaps in our DNA. For example:

How do we know that folate fortification has improved the biochemical folate status of Americans?

What is the criterion for a genetic difference to be called a 'polymorphism'?

Folic acid fortification has ____.