Water-Soluble Vitamins Overview
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Water-Soluble Vitamins Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which vitamin is also known as Thiamin?

  • Vitamin B3
  • Vitamin B2
  • Vitamin B1 (correct)
  • Vitamin B6

    • Wet and Dry Beriberi are associated with Vitamin B2 deficiency.

    False

    What are the four D's associated with Pellagra deficiency?

    diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

    Vitamin B3 is also known as _______.

    <p>Niacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vitamins with their primary food sources:

    <p>Vitamin B1 = Pork, salmon, whole wheat bread Vitamin B2 = Liver, eggs, green leafy vegetables Vitamin B3 = Chicken, fish, potatoes Vitamin B6 = Pistachios, legumes, chicken breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is known to help convert tryptophan to Niacin?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Toxicity effects are specified for Pantothenic Acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency of Vitamin B6 can lead to _______.

    <p>anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Maintenance of fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloride is important for the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by a deficiency of iodine?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnesium is essential for the synthesis of ______.

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following minerals with their primary food sources:

    <p>Sodium = Table salt, beef, eggs Iodine = Iodized salt, seafoods Iron = Muscle meats, legumes Magnesium = Green leafy vegetables, nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of folate (Vitamin B9)?

    <p>Activates vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin C can help prevent scurvy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency can result from a lack of vitamin B12?

    <p>Anemia (megaloblastic) or Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major mineral responsible for the development of bones and teeth is __________.

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vitamin or mineral with its deficiency disease:

    <p>Folate = Neural Tube Defects Vitamin C = Scurvy Calcium = Osteoporosis Vitamin B12 = Pernicious Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source is rich in vitamin B12?

    <p>Clams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium is primarily involved in iron absorption in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two classifications of minerals based on required amounts?

    <p>Major minerals and trace minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water-Soluble Vitamins

    • Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

      • Food Sources: pork loin (lean), leg ham, salmon, pili nuts, oatmeal (steel cut), macadamia nuts, liver, whole wheat bread, sunflower seeds, brown rice, lentils, peanuts
      • Functions: Acts as a coenzyme in the release of energy from carbohydrates, supports nerve and muscle activity
      • Deficiency: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, Wet and Dry Beriberi, Infantile Beriberi

    • Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

      • Food Sources: Liver, heart, kidney, ribeye filet, cereal, nuts, milk, eggs, green leafy vegetables, lean meat
      • Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis, cheilosis, glossitis

    • Niacin (Vitamin B3)

      • Food Sources: Liver, chicken, fish, turkey meat, potatoes, peanuts, bread
      • Functions: Promotes healthy skin, maintains normal activity of the stomach, intestines, and nervous system, acts as a coenzyme in releasing energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Tryptophan is a precursor to niacin.
      • Deficiency: Pellagra (4 D's - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death), glossitis

    • Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

      • Food Sources: Liver, turkey breast, salmon, chicken breast, pork, New York strip steak, buckwheat groats, lamb chops, whole egg, ground beef (lean), bananas, avocado

    • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

      • Forms: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
      • Food Sources: Pistachios, cereal, salmon, milk, legumes, lean chicken breast
      • Functions: Assists the body in using amino acids to form tissue protein, helps convert tryptophan to niacin, participates in red blood cell synthesis, supports the synthesis of neurotransmitters, supports the myelin sheath around nerves
      • Deficiency: Anemia (small cell type), Neurologic concerns: convulsions, neuritis, muscle twitching, irritability, abnormal brain wave pattern, Inflammation: greasy dermatitis, rashes
      • Toxicity: Irreversible nerve degeneration

    • Biotin (Vitamin B7)

      • Food Sources: Champignon, peanuts, oats, hazelnuts, egg yolks, lentils, carrots, soy beans, walnuts
      • Functions: Acts as a coenzyme that carries activated CO2, plays a role in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis, participates in the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids
      • Deficiency: Rare

    • Folate (Vitamin B9)

      • Forms: Folacin, Folic Acid
      • Food Sources: Edamame, parsley, sprouted peas, endive, romaine lettuce, collard greens, beets, artichoke, bok choy, butterhead lettuce, peas
      • Functions: Primary coenzyme form is THF (tetrahydrofolate), activates vitamin B12, supports DNA synthesis, regenerates methionine from homocysteine, promotes healthy cell division, supports a healthy spinal cord
      • Deficiency: Neural Tube Defects (spina bifida; anencephaly), heart disease, impairs cell division and protein synthesis, anemia (macrocytic)
      • Toxicity: Can mask a deficiency of vitamin B12

    • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

      • Forms: Cyanocobalamin
      • Food Sources: Clams, liver, trout, salmon, beef, milk, yogurt, eggs
      • Functions: Converts homocysteine to methionine, supports DNA synthesis, promotes healthy cell division, helps maintain nerve cells (myelin sheath)
      • Deficiency: Anemia (megaloblastic), Pernicious anemia, nerve damage

    • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

      • Food Sources: Amla, guava, bell pepper, kiwi, broccoli, lemon
      • Functions: Acts as an antioxidant, enhances iron absorption, is a cofactor in collagen formation, helps strengthen the immune system, prevents scurvy
      • Deficiency: Bleeding gums, red patches on skin, nose bleeding, joint pain, fatigue, impaired immunity, splitting hair, common cold

    Minerals

    • Major Minerals: Required in amounts greater than 100 mg per day

    • Trace Minerals: Required in amounts less than 100 mg per day

    • Calcium

      • Food Sources: Milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, some dark green leafy vegetables
      • Functions: Development of bones and teeth, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, normal heart action, normal muscle activity
      • Deficiency: Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, tetany, retarded growth, poor tooth and bone formation

    • Phosphorus

      • Food Sources: Milk, cheese, lean meat, poultry, fish, whole grain cereals, legumes, nuts
      • Functions: Development of bones and teeth, maintenance of normal acid-base balance of the blood, constituent of all body cells, necessary for the effectiveness of some vitamins, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
      • Deficiency: Poor tooth and bone formation, weakness, anorexia, general malaise

    • Potassium

      • Food Sources: Orange, banana, dried fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk, cereals, meat
      • Functions: Contraction of muscles, maintenance of fluid balance, transmission of nerve impulses, osmosis, acid-base balance, regulation of muscle and nerve irritability
      • Deficiency/Toxicity: Hypokalemia, muscle weakness, confusion, abnormal heart rate, Hyperkalemia

    • Sodium

      • Food Sources: Table salt, beef, eggs, poultry, milk, cheese
      • Functions: Maintenance of fluid balance, transmission of nerve impulses, osmosis, acid-base balance, regulation of muscles and nerve irritability
      • Deficiency/Toxicity: Nausea, exhaustion, muscle cramps, HPN, edema

    • Chloride

      • Food Sources: Table salt, eggs, seafood, milk
      • Functions: Gastric acidity, osmosis, fluid balance, acid-base balance, formation of hydrochloric acid
      • Deficiency: Imbalance in gastric acidity, imbalance in blood pH, nausea, exhaustion

    • Magnesium

      • Food Sources: Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, avocados, nuts, milk, legumes, banana
      • Functions: Synthesis of ATP, transmission of nerve impulses, activation of metabolic enzymes, constituent of bones, muscles, and red blood cells, necessary for healthy muscles and nerves
      • Deficiency/Toxicity: Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia

    Trace Minerals

    • Iron

      • Food Sources: Muscle meats, poultry, shellfish, liver, legumes, dried fruits, whole grains, enriched bread and cereals, dark green leafy vegetables
      • Functions: Transports O2 and CO2, component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, component of cellular enzymes essential for energy production
      • Deficiency/Toxicity: IDA, Hemochromatosis (genetic), fatal to children (accidental poisoning), enlarged liver

    • Sulfur

      • Food Sources: Eggs, poultry, fish
      • Functions: Maintenance of protein structure, building of hair, nails, and all body tissues, constituent of all body cells
      • Deficiency: Unknown

    • Iodine

      • Food Sources: Iodized salt, seafoods
      • Functions: Regulation of basal metabolic rate
      • Deficiency: Goiter, cretinism, myxedema

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    Water-Soluble Vitamins and Minerals

    Description

    This quiz covers the key water-soluble vitamins, including Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin. Learn about their food sources, functions, and deficiencies. Test your knowledge on essential nutrients that support overall health.

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