Water and Biological Interaction
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Questions and Answers

What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?

  • Dipolar nature (correct)
  • Viscosity
  • Density
  • High specific heat

    • Oxygen is less electronegative than hydrogen, which contributes to the dipolar nature of water.

    False

    What type of bond occurs between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a water molecule?

    Covalent bond

    Water is often referred to as the __________ solvent due to its ability to dissolve many types of substances.

    <p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of bond to its description:

    <p>Covalent bond = Bond between atoms within a molecule Hydrogen bond = Attraction between molecules Electronegativity = Power to attract electrons Dipolar molecule = Has both positive and negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in biological systems?

    <p>Solvent of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water only participates in chemical reactions as a reactant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does water do to charged molecules?

    <p>Separates charged molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water plays a significant role in the movement of molecules into and throughout __________ compartments.

    <p>cellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in biological systems?

    <p>Acts as a solid fuel source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to water with their descriptions:

    <p>Universal Solvent = Dissolves and transports compounds Heat Dissipation = Regulates temperature Ion Separation = Separates charged particles Chemical Reactions = Participates in biochemical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of water's ability to participate in chemical reactions?

    <p>It facilitates metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water has no effect on the solubility of substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason ionic substances dissolve in water?

    <p>Attraction between water molecules and ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrophobic substances can interact well with water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a solution where two or more substances are homogeneously mixed?

    <p>Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polar molecules are said to be __________ because they can interact with water.

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of solubility with its definition:

    <p>Hydrophilic = Substances that can dissolve in water Hydrophobic = Substances that cannot dissolve in water Amphiphilic = Substances with both polar and non-polar parts Solvent = The major component in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect solubility?

    <p>Color of the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent?

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The time needed for a solute to dissolve is referred to as the __________.

    <p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of weight percent (w/w)?

    <p>Weight of solute in 100g of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A base is a substance that can release hydrogen ions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of molarity (M)?

    <p>Molarity is the moles of solute in 1L of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 5% EtOH solution, there are _____ mL of EtOH in 100 mL of solution.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concentrations with their definitions:

    <p>Weight % (w/w) = Weight of solute in 100g solution Volume % (v/v) = Volume of solute in 100mL solution Weight:Volume % (w/v) = Weight of solute in 100mL solution Molarity (M) = Moles of solute in 1L solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about acids is correct?

    <p>Acids release hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An amphoteric substance can _____ and _____ hydrogen ions.

    <p>release, accept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 3M solution contains 3 moles of solute in 1L of solution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the conjugate base of acetic acid?

    <p>Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strong acids only partially ionize in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of pure water at 25°C?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Buffers help minimize changes in _____ when an acid or a base is added.

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each acid with its conjugate base:

    <p>Acetic acid = Acetate Carbonic acid = Bicarbonate Citric acid = Citrate Pyruvic acid = Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of blood pH levels in a healthy body?

    <p>7.35 - 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PH can be defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydroxide ion concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conjugate base of bicarbonate?

    <p>Carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffer Systems

    • Water structure: Water is a dipolar molecule, meaning it has a slightly positive and slightly negative end due to oxygen's higher electronegativity.
    • Water's solubility: Water is a universal solvent due to its polarity. It dissolves many ionic and polar substances.
    • Water's role in biological molecules: The properties of water dominate the way biological molecules interact.
    • Water in the human body: The human body is mostly water (about 60%) with different percentages for different age groups. Intracellular fluid (ICF) is within cells and extracellular fluid (ECF) is outside of cells (Plasma and Interstitial fluid).
    • Water as a universal solvent: Water dissolves and transports compounds in the blood, plays a role in molecule movement, separates charged molecules, dissipates heat, and participates in chemical reactions.
    • Solubility: Polar molecules interact with water and dissolve, non-polar molecules do not interact with water and do not dissolve.
    • Amphiphilic molecules: Some molecules have both polar and non-polar parts.
    • Membrane formation: Amphiphilic molecules form structures like micelles, vesicles, and double membranes, which are important for cell membranes and transport.
    • Solutions: Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances, with a major component (solvent) and a minor component (solute). Examples of different types of solutions and their classifications were illustrated.
    • Factors affecting solubility: The type of solute and solvent, temperature, pressure, and common ion effect affect solubility.
    • Factors affecting dissolving speed: Temperature, particle size, and mixing affect dissolving speed.
    • Amount of solute in a solution: Different ways to express concentration include weight percent (w/w), volume percent (v/v), weight/volume percent (w/v), molarity (M), and others.
    • Acid/Base: Acids release hydrogen ions (H+), while bases accept hydrogen ions. Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases.
    • Acid/Base examples and Conjugate Bases: Examples of acid-base pairs are presented.
    • Buffers: Buffers minimize pH changes when acids or bases are added to a solution, consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base. These conjugates work together to maintain the pH of a solution.
    • Regulation of blood pH: The bicarbonate buffer and phosphate buffer systems are critical in maintaining the pH of blood at a stable level.

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    Water, Acids-Bases, and Buffer Systems Lecture Notes 2024 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating properties of water, including its structure, solubility, and critical role in biological systems. Understand how water functions as a universal solvent and its significance in the human body. This quiz will test your knowledge of water's influence on biological molecules and its importance to life.

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