Biology Water as a Solvent Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What property of glucose contributes to its ability to be freely soluble in blood plasma?

It is a non-polar molecule.

It is a polar molecule. (correct)

It has a high molecular weight.

It is a large molecule.

Which factor primarily determines the solubility of amino acids in water?

The presence of a carbon backbone.

The position of the amine group.

The structure of the R group. (correct)

The total molecular weight of the amino acid.

How are amino acids transported in the blood?

By forming complex structures.

As uncharged molecules only.

In a solid form.

With the help of blood plasma. (correct)

What occurs during the internal transfer of a hydrogen ion in amino acids?

It results in a zwitterion form. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is mentioned as being transported in blood in relation to solubility?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances would be considered hydrophilic?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do hydrophobic molecules typically lack?

Negative or positive charges Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of blood plasma?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrophilic substances is true?

They include substances with positive or negative charges. Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is cellulose classified as?

Hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solvent would hydrophobic substances likely dissolve in?

Acetone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is hydrophobic?

Fats Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrophilic substances behave in water?

They dissolve easily. Signup and view all the answers

What ions are formed when sodium chloride dissolves in water?

Sodium and chloride ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat of vaporization?

Energy needed to change from a liquid to a gas Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water is primarily due to hydrogen bonding?

High specific heat capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by water's high heat of fusion?

Energy lost when liquid water turns to ice Signup and view all the answers

The ability of water to adhere to other substances is due to which property?

Adhesion Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a consequence of water's high specific heat capacity?

Water regulates temperature effectively Signup and view all the answers

Why is water used as a coolant in leaves?

It absorbs heat quickly without changing state Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound is sodium chloride characterized as?

Ionic compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of water in metabolic reactions?

It dissolves reactants/substrates to facilitate reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the polarization of water molecules?

The oxygen region is negatively charged while hydrogen is positively charged. Signup and view all the answers

Why is water often referred to as a 'universal solvent'?

It dissolves a wide range of ionic and polar substances. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a substance to be hydrophilic?

It is chemically attracted to water. Signup and view all the answers

How does water aid in the transport of sucrose in plants?

It dissolves sucrose enabling it to be carried by mass flow. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to positive ions when they interact with water molecules?

They become surrounded by negative regions of water molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that diffusion happens easily in aqueous solutions?

Water disrupts molecular forces, allowing movement of solutes. Signup and view all the answers

How are substances described that do not interact well with water?

Hydrophobic Signup and view all the answers

What impact does an increase in temperature have on the solubility of oxygen in water?

Solubility of oxygen decreases Signup and view all the answers

How much oxygen can plasma carry at body temperature (37 °C)?

Very little, insufficient for aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary carrier of oxygen in the blood?

Hemoglobin in red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

How many binding sites does hemoglobin have for oxygen?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen only just soluble in water despite being a small molecule?

It is a non-polar molecule Signup and view all the answers

At what concentration does water become saturated with oxygen?

Relatively low concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly affects the amount of oxygen that can be carried in plasma?

Temperature of the fluid Signup and view all the answers

In relation to blood transport, what is the primary function of hemoglobin?

To carry oxygen to body cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water as a solvent

Water’s polar molecules attract and disrupt ionic bonds of dissolved substances.
Water is considered a good solvent due to its ability to dissolve many substances.
Example: Oxygen diffuses into the moist layer lining the alveoli of the lungs before being transported in the blood.

Hydrophilic substances

These substances bond with water molecules.
They can be polar molecules such as glucose or charged particles such as sodium and chloride ions.
Cellulose is also a hydrophilic substance, it is attracted to water.

Hydrophobic substances

These substances are insoluble in water.
They do not have positive or negative charges and are non-polar.
All lipids, including fats and oils, are classified as hydrophobic.

Transport of molecules in the blood

Blood plasma is primarily composed of water and dissolved substances.
Glucose, a polar molecule, is freely soluble in water and is transported by the blood plasma.
Amino acids are soluble in water due to their positive and negative charges. The R group can determine the degree of solubility.

Oxygen transport in blood

Oxygen is a non-polar molecule with limited solubility in water.
The solubility of oxygen decreases with increasing temperature.
At body temperature (37°C), the plasma carries minimal oxygen, insufficient for aerobic respiration.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells is responsible for the majority of oxygen transport, with each molecule having four binding sites for oxygen.

Sodium chloride transport in blood

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound that dissolves freely in water.
It is transported in the blood plasma as sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-).

Properties of water molecules

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules explain the properties of water.
Thermal properties:
- Water has a high specific heat capacity.
- Water has a high heat of vaporisation.
- Water has a high heat of fusion due to the many hydrogen bonds that need to break or form during thermal changes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties of water as a solvent and its interaction with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. This quiz covers essential concepts of molecular transport in biological systems, including how substances like glucose are transported in blood plasma.