Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the total number of marks for the evaluation criteria?
What is the total number of marks for the evaluation criteria?
The submission date for Phase 2: Primary + Secondary Treatment is on 15/02/2025.
The submission date for Phase 2: Primary + Secondary Treatment is on 15/02/2025.
False
What are the two main components of the Mini Project related to wastewater treatment?
What are the two main components of the Mini Project related to wastewater treatment?
Primary Treatment and Secondary Treatment
The first phase of the Mini Project involves ______ treatment.
The first phase of the Mini Project involves ______ treatment.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following project topics with their corresponding treatment focus:
Match the following project topics with their corresponding treatment focus:
Signup and view all the answers
What are biosolids primarily composed of?
What are biosolids primarily composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
Class A biosolids have detectable levels of pathogens.
Class A biosolids have detectable levels of pathogens.
Signup and view all the answers
How is wastewater defined?
How is wastewater defined?
Signup and view all the answers
Wastewater treatment is the processing of wastewater for the removal of __________.
Wastewater treatment is the processing of wastewater for the removal of __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following biosolid classes with their pathogen levels:
Match the following biosolid classes with their pathogen levels:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes wastewater recycling?
Which of the following best describes wastewater recycling?
Signup and view all the answers
More than 99% of wastewater is composed of water.
More than 99% of wastewater is composed of water.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the engineering challenges associated with wastewater recycling?
What are the engineering challenges associated with wastewater recycling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used for the treatment of wastewater for subsequent reuse?
What is the term used for the treatment of wastewater for subsequent reuse?
Signup and view all the answers
Point source pollution originates from multiple sources and is difficult to identify.
Point source pollution originates from multiple sources and is difficult to identify.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the solid material removed during wastewater treatment called?
What is the solid material removed during wastewater treatment called?
Signup and view all the answers
Water that comes from showers and kitchens is referred to as ______ water.
Water that comes from showers and kitchens is referred to as ______ water.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of wastewater with their sources:
Match the following types of wastewater with their sources:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a nonpoint source of pollution?
Which of the following is considered a nonpoint source of pollution?
Signup and view all the answers
Contaminants always have harmful health effects.
Contaminants always have harmful health effects.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of disinfection in wastewater treatment?
What is the purpose of disinfection in wastewater treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes point source pollution?
What characterizes point source pollution?
Signup and view all the answers
Nonpoint source pollution is easily monitored and evaluated.
Nonpoint source pollution is easily monitored and evaluated.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one water-borne disease caused by untreated wastewater.
Name one water-borne disease caused by untreated wastewater.
Signup and view all the answers
IS : 3306-1974 pertains to tolerance limits for industrial effluents discharged into ______.
IS : 3306-1974 pertains to tolerance limits for industrial effluents discharged into ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the Indian Standards with their respective tolerance limits:
Match the Indian Standards with their respective tolerance limits:
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant impact of untreated wastewater on economic activities?
What is a significant impact of untreated wastewater on economic activities?
Signup and view all the answers
Recycling of wastewater does not require the water to meet quality standards.
Recycling of wastewater does not require the water to meet quality standards.
Signup and view all the answers
What approach is suggested for sustainable wastewater management?
What approach is suggested for sustainable wastewater management?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of advanced wastewater treatment?
What is the primary goal of advanced wastewater treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Advanced wastewater treatment has no impact on health protection.
Advanced wastewater treatment has no impact on health protection.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one resource that can be recovered from wastewater.
Name one resource that can be recovered from wastewater.
Signup and view all the answers
Advanced wastewater treatment includes __________ management options.
Advanced wastewater treatment includes __________ management options.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following wastewater management options with their descriptions:
Match the following wastewater management options with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a resource content found in wastewater?
Which of the following is NOT a resource content found in wastewater?
Signup and view all the answers
Centralized and decentralized options represent different strategies in wastewater management.
Centralized and decentralized options represent different strategies in wastewater management.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of reducing contaminants in wastewater treatment?
What is the significance of reducing contaminants in wastewater treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the target percentage of untreated wastewater for lower-middle-income countries by 2030?
What is the target percentage of untreated wastewater for lower-middle-income countries by 2030?
Signup and view all the answers
Industrial effluents are considered the least polluted type of wastewater.
Industrial effluents are considered the least polluted type of wastewater.
Signup and view all the answers
What factors influence the estimation of municipal wastewater quantity?
What factors influence the estimation of municipal wastewater quantity?
Signup and view all the answers
The primary sources of wastewater include ________, agricultural, and industrial.
The primary sources of wastewater include ________, agricultural, and industrial.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the income classifications with their untreated wastewater percentages in 2015:
Match the income classifications with their untreated wastewater percentages in 2015:
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of wastewater is generated from agricultural practices?
Which type of wastewater is generated from agricultural practices?
Signup and view all the answers
Sustainable management of wastewater is a significant challenge in both urban and rural areas.
Sustainable management of wastewater is a significant challenge in both urban and rural areas.
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect significantly affects the quantity of wastewater generated from the industry?
What aspect significantly affects the quantity of wastewater generated from the industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Number: CHL7240
- Course Title: Advanced Wastewater Treatment
- Faculty: Prof Pradip K Tewari and Dr Vikky Anand
- Teaching Assistants: Hemant, Etisha, Himanshu
Course Content Overview
- Waste Water Engineering: Overview of wastewater characteristics, monitoring, and environmental impacts of various sources (industrial and municipal wastewater). Emerging contaminants are also covered. (4 lectures)
- Conventional Water/Wastewater Treatment: Existing unit operations and processes such as screening, filtration, coagulation, flocculation, floatation, clarification, and sedimentation. (10 lectures)
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment: Processes like aerated lagoons, activated sludge systems, trickling filters, sequential batch reactors, and fluidized bed bioreactors. UASB and hybrid UASB reactors are also discussed. (8 lectures)
- Advanced Treatment Processes: Membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis), wet air oxidation, adsorption, ion exchange, wetlands, rootzone treatment of wastes, sludge drying, and thermal/biological processes for sludge management and landfilling, membrane reactors, and wastewater disinfection. (12 lectures)
- Water Recycling and Reuse: Water recycling practices, energy considerations, and valuable recovery from wastewater with an emphasis on zero liquid discharge (ZLD). (8 lectures)
- Wastewater Treatment Design Lab: Water quality analysis, design of conventional treatment systems, field visits to wastewater treatment plants, design of decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and system design; mini project. (28 hrs)
Evaluation Criteria
- Main Exam: 40 marks
- Minor Exam: 20 marks
- Assignments: 10 marks
- Quiz: 10 marks
- Mini Project (Report & Presentation): 20 marks
- Total Marks (sum of all): 100
Mini Project Guidelines
- Mini Project: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Design
- Problem Statement (Submission Date: 20/01/2025)
- Phase 1: Primary Treatment (Submission Date: 15/02/2025)
- Phase 2: Primary + Secondary Treatment (Submission Date: 15/03/2025)
- Phase 3(a): Overall Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Design with Recommendations (Submission Date: 05/04/2025)
- Phase 3(b): Project Presentations during March end and Beginning of April 2025
Mini Project Guidelines - Problem Statement
- Problem statements should cover treatment plant design for urban/residential/industrial areas, greywater, pond water, industrial effluent treatment, textile/paper/tanneries/food/steel/power plant/microelectronics, etc and probable solutions using SBM (Swachh Bharat Mission).
- Focus on High-End industries and rural water treatment as well.
Wastewater Characteristics
- What is wastewater?: Used water from homes, businesses, industries, washing, flushing, and manufacturing. It has high pollutant levels (>99% water)
- Pollutants: Natural or anthropogenic (human-made) substances with harmful health effects.
- Contaminants: Substances added to water supply through use, often not harmful to health.
- Wastewater Color Coding:
- Green: Agriculture runoff
- Grey: Shower/Kitchen
- Black: Sewage
- Light blue: Potable water
Wastewater Treatment
- Wastewater Treatment: Process for removing contaminants and pollutants from water.
Wastewater Recycling
- Wastewater recycling: Treatment of wastewater for reuse in a beneficial manner. Techno-economics, sustainability, and acceptability are key challenges.
Wastewater Characteristics: Quality Parameters
- pH: Typically 6.5-8.0, extreme values, can affect aquatic life.
- Temperature: Living organisms have tolerances.
- Color: Often caused by organic contaminants.
- Turbidity: Presence of fine suspended particles.
- Conductivity: Presence of ions in water.
- Dissolved Oxygen: Low DO (<4 ppm) suggests stress on aquatic life.
- Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): Amount of oxygen needed by aerobic microorganisms to decompose biodegradable organic matter (gives an idea of biodegradable organic matter present).
- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Amount of oxygen required to decompose organic matter chemically (gives an idea of organic matter present).
- Alkalinity: Capacity to react with acid.
- Hardness: Presence of Calcium and Magnesium ions.
- Total Suspended Solids (TSS):
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
- Metals: Heavy metals (iron, aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury, zinc, nickel, cobalt, etc). Problematic if exceeding permissible limits.
- Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus): Can cause algal growth.
- Faecal Coliform (MPN- Most Probable Number): Indicate presence of pathogens.
- Emerging contaminants: Pesticides, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, antibiotics, etc.
Wastewater Transport: Scaling Potential
- Langlier Saturation Index (LSI): Measures tendency toward calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scaling in water.
- LSI > 0 : Water supersaturated with CaCO3, Scaling is likely.
- LSI < 0 : Water is corrosive, tendency to remove CaCO3
- LSI = 0 : Water is neutral.
- Ryznar Index (RI): Another method to evaluate scaling potential
Wastewater Treatment – At a Glance
- Input: Characterization of input wastewater (parameters, characteristics)
- Capacity needed: Based on discharge limits and use standards
- Quality: Required parameters for reuse and discharge limits
- Primary treatment: Removal of rags, floatable materials, grit, and suspended solids.
- Secondary treatment: Removal of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids.
- Tertiary treatment: Removal of residual suspended solids, disinfection, removal of high TDS.
- Advanced Treatment: Removal of high TDS and microbial contaminants; suitable for recycling/reuse
- ZLD: Zero Liquid Discharge
Screening
- First unit operation: Removal of coarse materials.
- Materials causing damage: Coarse materials, clogs subsequent equipment.
- Types: Parallel bars/rods, gratings, wire-meshes, perforated plates, coarse (<150mm) ,medium, fine (0.5 micron), and microscreens.
- Cleaning: Hand-cleaned, mechanically cleaned (often chain driven)
Hydraulics of Screens
- Hydraulics should not be disturbed.
- Coarse materials removal during wastewater treatment.
- Periodic cleaning required.
- Base channel slopes
- Velocity requirements: 0.6-1.2 m/s for open area; should be above 0.3 m/s to avoid solid deposition.
- Good velocity distribution across the screen
Grit Removal
- Grit Removal: Removing sand, gravel, cinders etc.
- Importance: Prevents abrasion of moving parts
- Grit removal frequency reduction is an effect of grit removal.
- Types of grit chambers: Velocity controlled (V-shaped/square chambers), vortex type, and horizontal flow chambers.
- Design Factors : Grit size and specific gravity factors are to be considered in design of Grit Chamber (from CPHEEO manual, settling velocity, Reynold's number etc).
Disposal of Screened-out Materials
- Screened-out material typically disposed in municipal solid waste landfills; or incineration for large plants, depending on the composition.
Equalization Tank
- Purpose: Balances fluctuating wastewater flow rates and concentrations.
- Objectives: Balancing fluctuating flows, assist self-neutralization, distributing shock loading of periodic slug discharge.
- Benefits: Elimination of shock loading, improved chemical feed control, better process reliability.
- Types: Continuous inflow/outflow, variable inflow/constant discharge.
- Design Considerations: Basin geometry, mixing & aeration, pumping systems, retention time (2-8 hours).
Primary Settling/Sedimentation
- Purpose: Removes suspended solids through gravity.
- Tank shape: Rectangular or circular
- Sludge: Accumulated solids, removed periodically
- Settling Model: Critical settling velocity, surface overflow rate (vo)
Settling Basin Efficiency
- Efficiency is lower than the ideal due to turbulence, eddy, wind currents, and short circuiting.
Factors affecting Sedimentation
- Shape, size, density of particles.
- Viscosity, density and temperature of water.
- Surface overflow rate.
- Flow velocity
- Inlet and outlet arrangement
- Detention period
- Effective depth of settling zone.
Design Parameters for Settling Tanks
- Overflow rate, solids loading, depth, detention time depending on specific type of settling tank.
Clarifier
- Design of Primary clarifiers
- Compute critical settling velocity, compute overflow rate, and calculate surface area of the clarifier.
- Basin dimensions (length, width, or diameter, depth) based on design criteria and selected detention time.
- Check the adequacy based on design criteria (overflow rate, depth detention time, solid loading rate, scouring velocity).
- Design inlet, outlet, and sludge withdrawal arrangements.
Lamella Clarifier
- Compact design with plated and tubes
- Flow through tubes and between plates
- Sludge removal
Flocculating Agents
- Substances that cause suspended particles to attract each other (coagulation).
- Important for settling
- Examples: Organic poly-electrolytes, alum, ferrous sulfate.
Sand Filtration
- Used to remove suspended matter in water (including floating and sinkable particles).
- Fine sand and gravel bed.
- Types: Rapid and slow sand filters
- Flow rate: Between 4-21m³/h; around 0.1-0.4m³/h in rapid sand filters
- Filter bed speeds:10-20m/h
- Cleaning of the sand filters.
Transport of Contaminants Discharged in Rivers/ Natural Purification and Self-cleansing Processes in Rivers
- Transport Processes: Advection, Mass Transfer (diffusion), Leaching, Sorption/Desorption, Transformation (photo-degradation)
- Natural Processes: Dilution, Sedimentation, Filtration, Adsorption, Sediment transport (to take to sea) Biodegradation, Photodecomposition, Reaeration.
- Physical, chemical and biochemical processes
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on wastewater treatment concepts and project components in this quiz related to the Mini Project phases. Engage with questions about biosolids, treatment definitions, and engineering challenges in wastewater recycling.
