Washington's Presidency and Political Conflict
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Questions and Answers

Which economic system did the Federalists advocate for?

  • Agriculture and farming
  • Bartering and trade
  • Socialist models
  • Business and manufacturing (correct)

Who did Federalists believe should lead the country?

  • Working-class citizens
  • Educated wealthy, public-spirited people (correct)
  • Military leaders
  • Rural farmers

What did Republicans believe about the nature of government?

  • Governments should be led by economic elites
  • An authoritarian government is necessary for stability
  • Strong state governments are better and should hold more power (correct)
  • The national government should have more control over states

Which of the following was a view held by the Republicans regarding economic measures?

<p>Opposition to federal involvement in manufacturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Federalists believe was crucial to maintain control over society?

<p>The strength of the national government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nation did Republicans express support for?

<p>France (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Federalists propose as a required component of their economic vision?

<p>Land grants for education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Republicans view the relationship between citizens and government?

<p>Informed citizens are essential to democracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Federalist and Republican views on economic policy?

<p>Republicans favored agriculture, while Federalists supported business and trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership model did Republicans advocate for?

<p>Popular sovereignty of informed citizens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At the beginning of George Washington's presidency, what were the biggest issues facing the United States?

<p>The biggest issues facing the United States at the start of George Washington's presidency were the national debt from the Revolutionary War, establishing a stable government, managing tensions between states, navigating foreign relations with European powers, and addressing conflicts with Native Americans on the Western frontier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?

<p>The Whiskey Rebellion was caused by a federal excise tax on whiskey, imposed in 1791, which angered farmers in western Pennsylvania who relied on distilling their surplus grain into whiskey as a means to transport their crops. They viewed the tax as an unfair burden on their primary source of income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major issues did Federalists and Republicans disagree on at the start of the United States?

<p>The role of a national bank (A), The strength of the federal government (B), The amount of power given to the states (C), Methods for taxation (D), All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Federalists believe the US economy should be built on?

<p>Manufacturing and Trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Republicans believe the US economy should be built on?

<p>Agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of people did Federalists believe should lead the United States?

<p>Educated, wealthy, and public-spirited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of people did Republicans believe should lead the United States?

<p>Informed citizens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Federalists, how strong should the federal government be?

<p>Strong enough to maintain order and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Republicans, how strong should the federal government be?

<p>Very weak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Federalists believe about supporting Great Britain?

<p>They should support Great Britain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Republicans believe about supporting France?

<p>They should support France (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Federalists, what was the purpose of the Constitution?

<p>Federalists viewed the Constitution as essential for safeguarding the liberty and independence achieved through the Revolutionary War and believed it should be strictly interpreted to keep a strong, central government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Republicans, what was the purpose of the Constitution?

<p>Republicans believed in a more limited national government and favored greater power for individual states. They believed that the Constitution should be interpreted loosely to allow for greater state power, while protecting individual liberties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two things did President Washington warn Americans about in his Farewell Address?

<p>Foreign alliances and political parties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Great Britain and France attack US merchant ships during Washington's presidency?

<p>Great Britain and France attacked US merchant ships primarily because of their ongoing conflict with each other. Both nations attempted to restrict American trade with the opposing side by seizing ships suspected of trading with their enemy, even though the US was trying to maintain neutrality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main tactic Great Britain used to attack US merchant ships?

<p>The main tactic used by the British was &quot;impressment.&quot; They boarded American ships and forcibly took sailors they believed to be British deserters, even if they were American citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other tactic besides impressment did Great Britain use to attack US merchant ships?

<p>Besides impressment, Great Britain also enforced blockades around Europe, restricting American trade with continental nations allied with France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two reasons why France attacked American merchant ships?

<p>France was angered by the Jay Treaty between the US and Great Britain, seeing it as a betrayal of the Franco-American alliance. They also retaliated against the US for perceived pro-British policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Jay Treaty?

<p>The Jay Treaty was a diplomatic agreement between the US and Great Britain. The British agreed to pull their troops from the Ohio Valley and stop attacks on US shipping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the XYZ Affair?

<p>The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident that occurred between the US and France. President Adams sent representatives to France to negotiate an end to attacks on American ships. However, French diplomats demanded a bribe before agreeing to discuss peace, which outraged Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two outcomes of the XYZ Affair?

<p>The XYZ Affair resulted in an increase in calls for war with France, leading to military preparations and the creation of a new navy. It also strengthened President Adams' position and helped his Federalist Party gain support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two acts made John Adams unpopular during his presidency?

<p>John Adams was made unpopular during his presidency by the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Act allowed the president to deport any foreigners considered dangerous, and the Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two major outcomes of the Election of 1800?

<p>The Election of 1800 resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, sending the decision to the House of Representatives. After days of deadlock, Jefferson was elected President. The election also led to the passage of the 12th Amendment, which established separate voting for President and Vice-President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What foreign policy issue did Thomas Jefferson face during his presidency?

<p>Thomas Jefferson faced the challenges of the Barbary pirates who were attacking American ships in the Mediterranean Sea. He attempted to resolve the issue through diplomacy but eventually authorized a naval blockade and military action against the pirates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were three causes of the War of 1812?

<p>The British continuing to seize American ships (A), The US trying to drive the British out of Canada (B), The British arming Native Americans with guns (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were three outcomes of the War of 1812?

<p>The dissolution of the Native American confederacy (A), The establishment of clear boundaries between the US and Canada (D), A stronger sense of American nationalism (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

<p>The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations that the US would not tolerate further colonization or interference in the Western Hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Federalist economic view

Favored a US economy based on business, manufacturing, trade, land grants for education, and infrastructure (e.g., canals, roads).

Republican economic view

Supported an economy centered on agriculture and opposed measures that boosted business and manufacturing (like the national bank).

Federalist leadership ideal

Believed educated, wealthy, and public-spirited individuals should lead the country.

Republican leadership ideal

Favored informed citizens as leaders.

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Federalist government ideal

Believed in a strong national government to control the population, prioritizing order and stability.

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Republican government ideal

Advocated for strong state governments, believing they were closer to the people and better representatives.

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Federalist foreign policy (implied)

Less clear position on foreign policy (France/Britain) in this excerpt, but supporting a strong US in general can be inferred.

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Republican foreign policy (implied)

Supporting France was a Republican ideal.

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Federalist Leadership

Federalists believed that the best leaders were educated, wealthy, and public-spirited individuals.

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Republican Leadership

The Republicans believed that informed citizens, regardless of wealth or social standing, were capable of leading the country.

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Federalist Foreign Policy

While the excerpt doesn't explicitly outline their stance, it implies that Federalists supported a strong and powerful United States, likely favoring Great Britain due to its size and trade.

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Republican Foreign Policy

The Republicans strongly supported France, recognizing their support during the American Revolution and shared ideals.

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Study Notes

Washington's Presidency - Issues Faced

  • Significant national debt from the Revolutionary War
  • Need for a stable federal government with clear powers
  • Managing tensions between states
  • Navigating foreign relations with European powers
  • Conflicts with Native American tribes, especially regarding westward expansion

Whiskey Rebellion Cause

  • Federal excise tax on whiskey imposed in 1791
  • Angered western Pennsylvania farmers who relied heavily on distilling grain into whiskey for transport and income
  • Taxed their primary source of income.

Federalist vs. Republican Views on the Economy

  • Federalists: Economy based on business, manufacturing, trade, land grants for education and infrastructure like canals and roads.
  • Republicans: Economy based on agriculture, opposed to measures for business and manufacturing growth.

Federalist vs. Republican Views on Government Leadership

  • Federalists: Educated, wealthy, public-spirited people should lead the country.
  • Republicans: Informed citizens should lead the country.

Federalist vs. Republican Views on National Government Power

  • Federalists: Strong national government needed to control the population.
  • Republicans: Strong state governments are better connected with the people; they should have more power than the federal government.

Two Interpretations of the Constitution & Supporters

  • Federalists: Advocated for a strict interpretation of the constitution
  • Republicans: Favored a broader interpretation

Warnings in Washington's Farewell Address

  • Warned against forming political parties
  • Warned against excessive entanglement in foreign affairs; advocated for neutrality

British and French Attacks on US Merchant Ships

  • Reasons (British): Seizing American ships suspected of trading with their enemy, searching for deserters from their navy, and impressing sailors.
  • Reasons (French): Saw American trade with Britain as a violation of their alliance, seizing American ships trading with Britain.

Jay Treaty - Outcome

  • Agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain
  • British agreed to remove troops from the Ohio Valley and stop attacks on U.S. shipping.

XYZ Affair - Cause and Impact

  • Cause: French foreign minister Talleyrand refused to negotiate with American representatives unless they paid bribes.
  • Impact: Led to an increase in American nationalism and willingness for war, which prompted the passage of measures to be prepared for war.

John Adams's Unpopular Acts

  • Specific Acts (not named): Two acts that made him unpopular domestically are mentioned in the quiz review, but the specific acts are not named

Election of 1800 Outcomes

  • Adams lost to Jefferson
  • Hamilton intervened in the election which resulted in a tie that needed to be resolved in the House of Representatives
  • The 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution to prevent future tie votes for president and vice-president in future elections..

Jefferson's Foreign Policy Issues

  • Threats at Sea: British and French attacks on American ships and trade.
  • Embargo Act of 1807: A trade boycott, meant to resolve but proved unsuccessful

Causes of the War of 1812

  • British attacks on American ships
  • Native American support from the British
  • The US needed to drive the British out of Canada

War of 1812 Outcomes

  • Increased American nationalism
  • Dissolution of Native American Confederacy
  • Clearer boundaries established between the U.S. and Canada

Monroe Doctrine Stated

  • Warned European nations not to colonize in the Western Hemisphere.

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Unit 4 Quiz Review PDF

Description

Explore the challenges faced during Washington's presidency, including national debt, state tensions, and foreign relations. Delve into the contrasting economic views of Federalists and Republicans, as well as the causes behind the Whiskey Rebellion. This quiz highlights the foundational issues in early American politics.

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