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Questions and Answers
The Secretary of State under George Washington focused on economic policy.
The Secretary of State under George Washington focused on economic policy.
False (B)
Hamilton's economic program included the creation of a national bank.
Hamilton's economic program included the creation of a national bank.
True (A)
Federalists supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution, while Democratic-Republicans favored a strict interpretation.
Federalists supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution, while Democratic-Republicans favored a strict interpretation.
True (A)
The Election of 1800 resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams.
The Election of 1800 resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams.
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The XYZ Affair involved French officials demanding bribes from American diplomats.
The XYZ Affair involved French officials demanding bribes from American diplomats.
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'Republican Motherhood' emphasized the importance of educating women to become political leaders.
'Republican Motherhood' emphasized the importance of educating women to become political leaders.
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Women had limited educational opportunities in the medical field in the early 19th century.
Women had limited educational opportunities in the medical field in the early 19th century.
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The Second Great Awakening emphasized individual salvation and social reform.
The Second Great Awakening emphasized individual salvation and social reform.
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The War of 1812 was mainly fought due to increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain over land expansion desires into Canada.
The War of 1812 was mainly fought due to increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain over land expansion desires into Canada.
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Eli Whitney is known for both developing interchangeable parts and revolutionizing cotton production with his invention of the cotton gin.
Eli Whitney is known for both developing interchangeable parts and revolutionizing cotton production with his invention of the cotton gin.
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The Battle of Tippecanoe was a decisive victory for Native American forces led by Tecumseh's brother, the Prophet.
The Battle of Tippecanoe was a decisive victory for Native American forces led by Tecumseh's brother, the Prophet.
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The War Hawks were a group of older, experienced Congressmen who advocated for peace with Britain.
The War Hawks were a group of older, experienced Congressmen who advocated for peace with Britain.
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The Hartford Convention, held by Federalists, was a successful display of patriotism and unity during the War of 1812.
The Hartford Convention, held by Federalists, was a successful display of patriotism and unity during the War of 1812.
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The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812, successfully resolved issues like impressment and land disputes between the United States and Britain.
The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812, successfully resolved issues like impressment and land disputes between the United States and Britain.
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The Land Act of 1800 made it more difficult for people to buy federally owned land, discouraging westward expansion.
The Land Act of 1800 made it more difficult for people to buy federally owned land, discouraging westward expansion.
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The Northwest Ordinance, enacted in 1787, laid out the rules for western settlement and helped organize the United States' expanding territory.
The Northwest Ordinance, enacted in 1787, laid out the rules for western settlement and helped organize the United States' expanding territory.
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The Barbary Wars (1801-1805) involved the United States combating pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Barbary Wars (1801-1805) involved the United States combating pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Aaron Burr’s political career was bolstered after the duel with Alexander Hamilton.
Aaron Burr’s political career was bolstered after the duel with Alexander Hamilton.
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The War of 1812 was primarily motivated by American desire for land expansion into Canada.
The War of 1812 was primarily motivated by American desire for land expansion into Canada.
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The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a decisive victory for Native American forces, weakening U.S. influence in the Northwest.
The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a decisive victory for Native American forces, weakening U.S. influence in the Northwest.
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Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts revolutionized the production of weaponry and was implemented in numerous industries.
Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts revolutionized the production of weaponry and was implemented in numerous industries.
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The Land Act of 1800 was purposefully meant to hinder westward expansion by restricting land purchases.
The Land Act of 1800 was purposefully meant to hinder westward expansion by restricting land purchases.
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The War Hawks were a group of older, experienced Congressmen who favored peace with Britain.
The War Hawks were a group of older, experienced Congressmen who favored peace with Britain.
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Despite the Federalist Party's opposition to the War of 1812, they gained significant support from the public due to their stance.
Despite the Federalist Party's opposition to the War of 1812, they gained significant support from the public due to their stance.
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The Federalists primarily drew support from farmers and laborers in the South.
The Federalists primarily drew support from farmers and laborers in the South.
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The 'XYZ' Affair involved American officials demanding bribes from French diplomats.
The 'XYZ' Affair involved American officials demanding bribes from French diplomats.
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The Second Great Awakening focused primarily on religious revival and had limited impact on social reform efforts.
The Second Great Awakening focused primarily on religious revival and had limited impact on social reform efforts.
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The Whiskey Tax was a key component of Hamilton's economic program.
The Whiskey Tax was a key component of Hamilton's economic program.
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The 12th Amendment was introduced to address the issue of disputes over the presidential election.
The 12th Amendment was introduced to address the issue of disputes over the presidential election.
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Jefferson, as president, aimed to increase military spending and strengthen the U.S. army.
Jefferson, as president, aimed to increase military spending and strengthen the U.S. army.
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Republican Motherhood emphasized educating women to fully participate in government and politics.
Republican Motherhood emphasized educating women to fully participate in government and politics.
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The Federal government, led by Alexander Hamilton, assumed the state debts from the Revolutionary War, a key factor in the establishment of a strong national government.
The Federal government, led by Alexander Hamilton, assumed the state debts from the Revolutionary War, a key factor in the establishment of a strong national government.
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Study Notes
Washington's Cabinet
- Washington's first cabinet included key positions like Secretary of State (Jefferson), Secretary of the Treasury (Hamilton), Secretary of War (Knox), and Attorney General (Randolph)
- These positions handled foreign policy, economics, war, and legal matters, respectively.
Hamilton's Economic Program
- Aimed to stabilize the U.S. economy and establish credit
- Key components included:
- Assumption of state debts: Federal government took over state debts from the Revolutionary War
- Creation of a national bank: Established the First Bank of the U.S. to manage currency and credit
- Tariffs and excise taxes: Implemented import taxes and the Whiskey Tax to generate revenue
Federalist Party
- Led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
- Supported a strong central government
- Favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution
- Primarily supported by merchants, bankers, and wealthy elites in the Northeast
- Favored close ties with Britain
Election of 1800
- Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams
- Resulted in a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- House of Representatives ultimately decided the winner (Jefferson)
- Marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties (Federalists to Democratic-Republicans)
- Led to the 12th Amendment, which changed how the president and vice president were elected.
XYZ Affair
- 1797 diplomatic scandal between the U.S. and France
- French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats (labeled X, Y, and Z)
- Led to anti-French sentiment and an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War
Republican Motherhood
- The idea that women's role was to educate and instill Republican values in their children
- Encouraged women's education but didn't push for full equality
Women & the Medical Profession
- Midwifery was common, but men took over the medical profession
- Few educational opportunities for women in medicine
- Women largely excluded from medical field
Second Great Awakening
- Early 1800s religious revival focused on personal salvation and reform
- Encouraged moral and social change
- Led by preachers like Charles Finney
Jefferson & the Military
- Reduced military spending and size of the army/navy
- Preferred state militias over a strong standing army
- Expanded naval power during the Barbary Wars (1801-1805)
Aaron Burr & Alexander Hamilton
- Political rivals due to Burr's controversial actions
- Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him
- Burr's political career ended
War of 1812 - Causes
- British impressment of American sailors
- British support for Native American resistance
- Desire for land expansion into Canada
- War Hawks in Congress pushed for war
Battle of Tippecanoe
- U.S. forces led by William Henry Harrison vs. Native Americans led by Tecumseh
- U.S. victory weakened Native resistance in the Northwest
- Increased tensions between the U.S. and Britain
War of 1812 and the Federalist Party
- Federalists opposed the war, especially merchants in New England
- Some Federalists even considered secession
- Their opposition led to their downfall after the war
- Federalists met at the Hartford Convention in 1814-15 to protest the war
- The proposed constitutional amendments to limit government power, however, were then viewed as unpatriotic after the war ended.
- The Federalist Party collapsed
Treaty of Ghent
- Ended the War of 1812; restored pre-war boundaries
- No clear winner, but the U.S. saw it as a victory
- Did not address issues like impressment
War of 1812 and Native Americans
- Native Americans lost British support after the war
- Many were pushed west as U.S. expansion continued
- Tecumseh's Confederacy collapsed after his death because of the loss of British support.
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Description
Explore the foundational elements of George Washington's first cabinet, including notable figures such as Jefferson and Hamilton. Delve into Hamilton's Economic Program, which aimed to stabilize the economy and included key initiatives like the establishment of a national bank and tariffs. Understand the emergence of the Federalist Party and its influence on early American governance.
