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Questions and Answers
The Whiskey Tax was part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program aimed at stabilizing the U.S. economy and establishing credit.
The Whiskey Tax was part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program aimed at stabilizing the U.S. economy and establishing credit.
True (A)
During the XYZ Affair, French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats in exchange for negotiating a peace treaty.
During the XYZ Affair, French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats in exchange for negotiating a peace treaty.
True (A)
The Second Great Awakening emphasized the importance of social reform movements and encouraged individuals to seek personal salvation.
The Second Great Awakening emphasized the importance of social reform movements and encouraged individuals to seek personal salvation.
True (A)
The "Republican Motherhood" concept advocated for full equality for women, promoting their active participation in politics and public life.
The "Republican Motherhood" concept advocated for full equality for women, promoting their active participation in politics and public life.
Thomas Jefferson, as President, increased military spending and expanded the size of the army and navy.
Thomas Jefferson, as President, increased military spending and expanded the size of the army and navy.
The Federalist Party supported a strong central government and favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
The Federalist Party supported a strong central government and favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a Native American victory, strengthening their resistance in the Northwest.
The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a Native American victory, strengthening their resistance in the Northwest.
The Election of 1800 resulted in a peaceful transfer of power between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, establishing a precedent for peaceful transitions in American politics.
The Election of 1800 resulted in a peaceful transfer of power between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, establishing a precedent for peaceful transitions in American politics.
Impressment of American sailors by the British was a minor factor in the outbreak of the War of 1812.
Impressment of American sailors by the British was a minor factor in the outbreak of the War of 1812.
The First Bank of the United States was established by Alexander Hamilton as part of his economic plan to regulate currency and credit nationwide.
The First Bank of the United States was established by Alexander Hamilton as part of his economic plan to regulate currency and credit nationwide.
Edmund Randolph, as Attorney General, was responsible for managing military affairs during Washington's presidency.
Edmund Randolph, as Attorney General, was responsible for managing military affairs during Washington's presidency.
The Hartford Convention, organized by Federalists, aimed at strengthening the federal government's power.
The Hartford Convention, organized by Federalists, aimed at strengthening the federal government's power.
The War Hawks, a group of young Congressmen advocating for war with Britain, were primarily from the North and East.
The War Hawks, a group of young Congressmen advocating for war with Britain, were primarily from the North and East.
The 12th Amendment, implemented after the Election of 1800, established a system where the President and Vice President were elected separately on the same ticket.
The 12th Amendment, implemented after the Election of 1800, established a system where the President and Vice President were elected separately on the same ticket.
The Land Act of 1800 made it more difficult for individuals to purchase federal land.
The Land Act of 1800 made it more difficult for individuals to purchase federal land.
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin led to a decrease in the use of slavery in the South.
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin led to a decrease in the use of slavery in the South.
The Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States.
The Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States.
Aaron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel because of Burr’s defeat in the 1800 presidential election.
Aaron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel because of Burr’s defeat in the 1800 presidential election.
The Federalist Party's opposition to the War of 1812 ultimately led to their strengthening and resurgence.
The Federalist Party's opposition to the War of 1812 ultimately led to their strengthening and resurgence.
The Barbary Wars took place in the 1820s and involved the United States fighting against Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Barbary Wars took place in the 1820s and involved the United States fighting against Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.
Flashcards
Washington’s Cabinet
Washington’s Cabinet
The first executive cabinet under President George Washington, including key figures like Jefferson and Hamilton.
Hamilton’s Economic Program
Hamilton’s Economic Program
A policy to stabilize the U.S. economy through state debt assumption, a national bank, and tariffs.
Federalists Party
Federalists Party
A political party led by Hamilton and Adams, favoring a strong central government and loose Constitution interpretation.
Election of 1800
Election of 1800
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XYZ Affair
XYZ Affair
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Republican Motherhood
Republican Motherhood
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Women & the Medical Profession
Women & the Medical Profession
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Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening
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Jefferson & the Military
Jefferson & the Military
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First Bank of the U.S.
First Bank of the U.S.
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Barbary Wars
Barbary Wars
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Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton
Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton
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Causes of the War of 1812
Causes of the War of 1812
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Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle of Tippecanoe
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Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney
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War Hawks
War Hawks
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Federalist Party opposition
Federalist Party opposition
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Hartford Convention
Hartford Convention
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Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent
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Consequences for Native Americans
Consequences for Native Americans
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Study Notes
Washington's Cabinet
- First executive cabinet formed under President George Washington
- Included:
- Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State): Handled foreign affairs
- Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury): Focused on economic policy
- Henry Knox (Secretary of War): Managed military matters
- Edmund Randolph (Attorney General): Provided legal counsel to the president
Hamilton's Economic Program
- Aimed to stabilize the US economy and establish credit
- Three key components:
- Assumption of state debts: Federal government took on state debts from the Revolutionary War
- Creation of a national bank: Established the First Bank of the US to regulate currency and credit
- Tariffs and excise taxes: Increased revenue through import taxes and the Whiskey Tax
Federalist Party
- Led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
- Supported a strong central government
- Favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution
- Supported by merchants, bankers, and wealthy northeastern elites
- Pro-British in foreign policy
Election of 1800
- Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams
- Ended in a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- House of Representatives decided the winner after 36 votes
- Jefferson won, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties
- Led to the adoption of the 12th Amendment, altering presidential and vice-presidential election procedures
XYZ Affair
- 1797 diplomatic scandal involving the US and France
- French officials (X, Y, and Z) demanded bribes before negotiating
- Led to anti-French sentiment and a brief, undeclared naval conflict (Quasi-War)
Republican Motherhood
- Idea that women's role was to educate and instill republican values in their children
Women and the Medical Profession
- Midwifery was common, but men increasingly took over the medical profession
- Women faced limited opportunities for education in medicine
Second Great Awakening
- Early 1800s religious revival focused on personal salvation and reform
- Encouraged social and moral change, including abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights
- Led by preachers like Charles Finney
Jefferson and the Military
- Reduced military spending and size of the army/navy
- Preferred state militias over a large standing army
- However, expanded naval power during the Barbary Wars (1801-1805)
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton
- Political rivals
- Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804
- Hamilton was killed in the duel
War of 1812
- Causes included: British impressment of American sailors, British support for Native American resistance, desire for land expansion into Canada, and the actions of War Hawks in Congress
- The war ultimately resulted in the death of Tecumseh, and the collapse of Tecumseh's Confederacy.
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
- U.S. forces led by William Henry Harrison defeated Native American forces led by Tecumseh's brother, the Prophet
- Weakened Native American resistance in the Northwest
Eli Whitney
- Invented the cotton gin in 1793
- Revolutionized cotton production and increased the use of enslaved labor in the South
American Government and Land
- Northwest Ordinance (1787) established land policy for western settlement
- 1800 Land Act aided in federal land acquisition
War Hawks
- Young Congressmen, primarily from the South and West, advocating for war with Britain
- Leaders included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
- Believed that war would expand U.S. territory and stop British aggression
War of 1812 and the Federalist Party
- Federalists generally opposed the War of 1812, especially New England merchants
- Some Federalists even considered secession from the Union
- Opposition to the war undermined the Federalist party
Hartford Convention (1814-1815)
- Federalist meeting in Hartford, Connecticut, to address their grievances with the war
- Proposed constitutional amendments to limit government power
- Perceived as unpatriotic following the end of the war, contributed to the demise of the Federalist party
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
- Ended the War of 1812 by restoring pre-war boundaries
- Did not address major issues like impressment
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