George Washington and His Cabinet
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Questions and Answers

Who was the first president of the United States under the new government?

  • John Adams
  • Alexander Hamilton
  • George Washington (correct)
  • Thomas Jefferson

    • What did the Judicial Act of 1789 establish?

    a federal court system

    What is the Department of State responsible for?

    dealing with foreign affairs

    What does the Department of War handle?

    <p>military matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Department of Treasury manage?

    <p>finances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Cabinet?

    <p>chief advisors to the president</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was appointed as Secretary of State by Washington?

    <p>Thomas Jefferson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was President Washington's Secretary of War?

    <p>Henry Knox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who served as Secretary of Treasury under Washington?

    <p>Alexander Hamilton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bank of the United States?

    <p>a bank funded by the federal government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was James Madison's stance on the national bank?

    <p>opposed the plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does agrarian mean?

    <p>agricultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laissez faire advocate?

    <p>no government intervention with business</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by a two-party system?

    <p>two political parties competing in an election</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Federalists?

    <p>supporters of a strong central government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Democratic-Republicans believe?

    <p>state government should be stronger than the federal government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protective tariff?

    <p>tax on imported goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excise tax refer to?

    <p>a sales tax on goods produced within the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

    <p>a revolt against the whiskey tax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neutrality in foreign policy?

    <p>not taking sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Edmond Genet?

    <p>French diplomat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Pinckney negotiate with Spain?

    <p>a treaty over land west of the Appalachian Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pinckney's Treaty achieve?

    <p>Spain gave up its claims to land east of the Mississippi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the Northwest Territory?

    <p>Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Little Turtle?

    <p>a Native American leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

    <p>Americans defeated the Native Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Jay?

    <p>US diplomat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Jay Treaty accomplish?

    <p>British agreed to give up their forts in the Northwest Territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the XYZ Affair?

    <p>3 French officials demanded bribes from the Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was President John Adams' approach to the XYZ Affair?

    <p>settled it with diplomacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diplomacy in foreign policy?

    <p>keeping peace among nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sectionalism?

    <p>placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

    <p>laws made it harder to become a citizen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions refuse to obey?

    <p>the Alien and Sedition Acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nullification refer to?

    <p>states could refuse to obey federal laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the USS Constitution?

    <p>Navy ship built in 1797</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened in the presidential election of 1800?

    <p>Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 12th Amendment call for?

    <p>electors to vote separately for president and vice-president</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jefferson's approach during his presidency?

    <p>greater control of the government for the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Marshall?

    <p>Chief Justice of the Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 do?

    <p>increased the number of justices on the Supreme Court to 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were midnight judges?

    <p>Federalist judges appointed on the last day of Adams' administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by Marbury v. Madison?

    <p>judicial review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is judicial review?

    <p>the right to declare a law unconstitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Louisiana Purchase?

    <p>land acquired from France that doubled the size of the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were Lewis and Clark?

    <p>explorers sent by Jefferson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Sacajawea?

    <p>a guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are impressments?

    <p>Britain seizing American sailors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blockade?

    <p>sealing of enemy ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embargo?

    <p>a ban on trading goods to other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was General William Henry Harrison?

    <p>governor of Illinois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Tecumseh?

    <p>a Native American leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the War Hawks?

    <p>members of Congress favoring war against Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Andrew Jackson?

    <p>US general known as 'Old Hickory'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the War of 1812?

    <p>war against Great Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Treaty of Ghent?

    <p>ended the War of 1812</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    George Washington

    • First president under the new government, implementing foundational policies.
    • Established key executive departments: State, War, and Treasury.
    • Created a judicial system and appointed a Cabinet.
    • Moved the capital to Washington, D.C., enhancing its political significance.

    Judicial Act of 1789

    • Established a federal court system with the ability to appeal state court decisions on constitutional issues.

    Executive Departments

    • Department of State: Responsible for foreign affairs.
    • Department of War: Managed military matters.
    • Department of Treasury: Handled finances and economic policies.

    The Cabinet

    • Comprised of chief advisors to the president, playing crucial roles in governance.

    Key Figures

    • Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State advocating strong state governments and opposing the national bank.
    • Henry Knox: Secretary of War under Washington.
    • Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury, favored strong central government and established the Bank of the United States.
    • James Madison: Opposed the national bank, fearing government ties to wealthy interests.

    Bank of the United States

    • Established by Hamilton to handle government funds and issued paper money.

    Economic Concepts

    • Agrarian: Relating to agriculture; favored by Jefferson.
    • Laissez-faire: Economic policy advocating minimal government intervention.
    • Protective Tariff: Tax on imported goods to increase federal revenue.
    • Excise Tax: Sales tax on domestic goods, notably the whiskey tax leading to the Whiskey Rebellion.

    Political Landscape

    • Rise of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans highlighting differing views on government power.
    • Federalists favored a strong central government; Democratic-Republicans preferred stronger state governance.
    • The emergence of a two-party system, impacting elections and policy.

    Foreign Policy

    • Neutrality: Washington's foreign policy of avoiding alliances.
    • Edmond Genet: French diplomat challenging U.S. neutrality.
    • Pinckney's Treaty: Treaty with Spain that opened the Mississippi River for American use and expansion.
    • Jay Treaty: Agreement with Britain to withdraw from Northwest Territory forts.

    Conflicts and Reactions

    • Whiskey Rebellion: Farmers’ revolt against the excise tax, showcasing tensions in federal authority.
    • XYZ Affair: Incident where French officials demanded bribes, heightening tensions with France.
    • Alien and Sedition Acts: Laws limiting immigration and punishing criticism of the government, leading to political backlash.

    Jeffersonian Era

    • Jefferson Presidency: Advocated for reduced federal government power, cut military spending, and reversed Hamilton’s economic policies.
    • 12th Amendment: Revised electoral process to prevent ties in electoral votes.

    Judicial Developments

    • Marbury v. Madison: Landmark case establishing judicial review; the Supreme Court's ability to declare laws unconstitutional.
    • Judiciary Act of 1801: Expanded the number of justices on the Supreme Court.

    Expansion

    • Louisiana Purchase: Significant land acquisition from France that doubled the size of the U.S.; facilitated Westward expansion.
    • Lewis and Clark Expedition: Commissioned to explore and map the new territory, with Native guide Sacajawea aiding the journey.

    War of 1812

    • Conflict with Great Britain driven by issues such as impressments and trade restrictions.
    • Andrew Jackson: Notable military leader during the war, particularly known for victories at the Battle of New Orleans.
    • Treaty of Ghent: Ended the War of 1812, returning U.S.-British relations to pre-war status.

    Nationalism

    • War of 1812 fostered a sense of national pride symbolized by "Uncle Sam."

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    Description

    Explore the foundational policies and key figures of George Washington's presidency. This quiz covers the establishment of executive departments, the Judicial Act of 1789, and notable cabinet members like Jefferson and Hamilton. Test your knowledge on the early years of the United States government.

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