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Questions and Answers
Which spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus?
Which part of the brachial plexus does not have any branches?
The medial cord of the brachial plexus includes which of the following nerves?
Which cord of the brachial plexus is associated with the posterior axillary artery?
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Which nerve is a branch of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
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Study Notes
Brachial Plexus Overview
- A complex network formed at the root of the neck, primarily within the posterior triangle.
- Composed of the anterior rami of the 5th to 8th cervical nerves and the 1st thoracic spinal nerve.
Anatomical Divisions
- Structured into four parts:
- Roots
- Trunks
- Divisions
- Cords
Roots
- Consist of five components:
- C5
- C6
- C7
- C8
- T1 (1st thoracic nerve)
Trunks
- Divided into three trunks:
- Upper trunk: formed by C5 and C6
- Middle trunk: formed by C7
- Lower trunk: formed by C8 and T1
Divisions
- Each trunk splits into two divisions:
- Anterior divisions
- Posterior divisions
- Divisions are unnamed; their role is functional in further branching.
Cords
- Cords named based on their position relative to the axillary artery:
- Lateral cord: positioned lateral to the 1st part of the axillary artery
- Posterior cord: runs posteriorly to the artery
- Medial cord: located medial to the artery
Branches of the Brachial Plexus
Branches of Roots
- Dorsal scapular nerve
- Long thoracic nerve
Branches of Trunks
- Nerve to the subclavius (upper trunk)
- Suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)
Branches of Cords
-
Lateral cord branches:
- Lateral pectoral nerve
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Lateral root of the median nerve
-
Medial cord branches:
- Medial pectoral nerve
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
- Ulnar nerve
- Medial root of the median nerve
-
Posterior cord branches:
- Upper subscapular nerve
- Lower subscapular nerve
- Thoracodorsal nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Radial nerve
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