Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards

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Questions and Answers

Which volcanic hazard is characterized by a mixture of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments moving at high speeds down a volcano's slopes?

  • Pyroclastic Flow (correct)
  • Ballistic Projectile
  • Lahar
  • Ash Fall

What is the primary purpose of evacuation planning in the context of volcanic activity?

  • To create volcano hazard maps
  • To ensure safety and facilitate timely evacuation before an eruption (correct)
  • To monitor seismic activity around a volcano
  • To study the composition of volcanic gases

Which of these volcanic phenomena is considered the least violent type of volcanic eruption?

  • Ballistic Projectile
  • Hawaiian (correct)
  • Shield Volcano
  • Pyroclastic Flow

What is the initial indication of an impending volcanic eruption?

<p>Volcanic tremors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a lahar?

<p>A mixture of volcanic debris and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a volcano hazard map exists for an area, what is its main purpose?

<p>To show areas at risk from volcanic hazards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PHIVOLCS in the Philippines?

<p>To monitor volcanic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wearing a dust mask is a protective action primarily taken to prevent what during a volcanic eruption?

<p>Respiratory problems during an ash fall event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is characterized by its broad shape, formed by fluid lava flows?

<p>Shield Volcano (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by 'Alert Level 4' in the context of the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption?

<p>Imminent hazardous eruption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Shield Volcano

Characterized by a low, broad shape, formed from fluid lava flows.

Hawaiian Eruption

The least violent type of volcanic eruption.

Volcanic Eruption

A natural event when magma, gases, and ash escape through openings in the Earth's crust.

Pyroclastic Flow

A mixture of hot gas, ash, and volcanic rock fragments moving at high speeds down a volcano's slopes.

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Ash Fall

Volcanic ash falling from the sky and settling on surfaces.

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Lava Flow

A stream of molten rock flowing from a volcano.

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Lahar

A mudflow composed of volcanic debris and water, flowing down river valleys.

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Ballistic Projectile

Large rocks ejected from a volcano during an eruption.

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Volcanic Gases

Hazardous emissions from a volcano, including sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

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Earthquake

A natural event, potentially triggered by a volcanic eruption, causing ground shaking.

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Study Notes

  • A Shield Volcano is characterized by a low, broad shape, and formed from loose and fluid lava that flows over each other.
  • Hawaiian eruptions are the least violent type of volcanic eruption.
  • A Volcanic Eruption is a natural event where magma, gases, and ash escape through openings in the Earth's crust.
  • Pyroclastic Flow is a mixture of hot gas, ash, and volcanic rock fragments that moves at high speeds down a volcano's slopes.
  • Ash Fall is the process where volcanic ash falls from the sky, settling on the ground, structures, and bodies of water.
  • Lava Flow is a stream of molten rock flowing from a volcano or vent.
  • Lahar is a mudflow composed of volcanic debris and water, often flowing down river valleys.
  • Ballistic Projectiles are large rocks ejected from a volcano during an eruption, and are capable of causing damage upon impact.
  • Volcanic Gases are hazardous emissions from a volcano containing sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, which can be toxic.
  • An Earthquake is a natural event that may be triggered by a volcanic eruption, causing ground shaking.
  • Mount Pinatubo is a famous Philippine volcano that erupted in 1991, causing a global temperature drop.
  • Taal Volcano is located in the Philippines and erupted on January 12, 2020, leading to evacuations.
  • Ground Deformation is a type of volcanic hazard that results in ground swelling and inflation.
  • Volcanic Tremors indicate an impending eruption and involve increased seismic activity.
  • Crater Glow is a visible glow at a volcano's crater due to the presence of magma.
  • PHIVOLCS is the government agency in the Philippines responsible for monitoring volcanic activity.
  • A Volcano Hazard Map is a document used to show areas at risk from volcanic hazards.
  • Evacuation Planning is a measure taken before a volcanic eruption to ensure safety, such as evacuation planning.
  • Wearing a Dust Mask is a protective action to take during an ash fall event to prevent respiratory problems.
  • Hydrothermal Change is a type of volcano hazard that results in the drying up of wells and springs.
  • Lahar is a destructive secondary hazard that can occur when heavy rain mobilizes volcanic ash and debris.
  • Alert Level 4 was raised during the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption.

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