Voice Disorders: Definition and Incidence

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Questions and Answers

What is a critical element in voice assessment according to the text?

Family background

Dietary preferences

Education history

Social and leisure activities (correct)

What is a component of the assessment that is used to judge voice quality?

Neurological examination

Respiratory function test

Auditory perceptual analysis (correct)

Speech fluency analysis

Which of the following is NOT considered a perceptual feature of voice quality as mentioned in the text?

Aphonia

Diplophonia

Tremor

Echolalia (correct)

What skill develops over time as SLPs listen to many voices?

Auditory perceptual analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the perceptual correlate of sound intensity in voice assessment?

Loudness Signup and view all the answers

In a voice assessment evaluation form, what critical information should be established regarding the referral source?

Reason for referral Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of flexible endoscopy for viewing the larynx?

Allows a broader view of the vocal tract and supraglottic regions Signup and view all the answers

What does laryngeal videostroboscopy primarily demonstrate?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an instrumental component of stroboscopy?

Laser light source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not part of the normal laryngeal anatomy?

Frontal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a strobe light during a stroboscopic examination?

To freeze the movement of the vocal folds during vibration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of flexible endoscopy?

Provides a broader view of the vocal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a voice disorder?

A condition where voice quality, pitch, and loudness differ or are inappropriate for an individual's age, gender, cultural background, or location Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of voice disorders in adults in the USA?

1 in 13 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pediatric cases are identified with vocal nodules?

41% to 73% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in voice disorders?

Providing medical diagnosis for laryngeal cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professionals do SLPs collaborate with for voice disorders?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about voice disorders?

Voice disorders occur more frequently in females than males Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Psychogenic Voice Therapy?

Addressing emotional and psychosocial status of the patient Signup and view all the answers

What does Physiologic Voice Therapy strive to improve?

Voice respiratory support Signup and view all the answers

Who organized and promoted Physiologic Voice Therapy as per the text?

Colton and Casper Signup and view all the answers

What is a weakness associated with Psychogenic Voice Therapy according to the text?

Not accounting for behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy approach involves a combination of various orientations to achieve positive vocal change?

Eclectic Voice Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does Physiologic Voice Therapy primarily focus on modifying?

Respiration, phonation, resonance Signup and view all the answers

What may affect the mucosal wave?

Pathology Signup and view all the answers

In vocal fold paralysis, which of the following is an example of glottic closure?

Larger than normal posterior gap Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aerodynamic analysis in voice production?

To analyze airflow and air pressure Signup and view all the answers

In stroboscopy, what should the closed and open phase timing ideally be?

Equal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be an example of a mass lesion or abnormality of the vocal fold cover?

Spindle shaped Signup and view all the answers

What does antero-posterior compression indicate?

Hyperfunction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Voice Assessment

Critical elements in voice assessment include: reason for referral, medical history, onset and duration of dysphonia, occupation, social and leisure activities, eating and drinking habits, and patient's personality and psychological status.
Self-rating of dysphonia and its impact on the patient is also essential.

Auditory Perceptual Analysis

Auditory perceptual analysis is a crucial component of voice assessment, used to evaluate voice quality and detect any deviations from normal voice.
This skill is developed over time as the speech-language pathologist (SLP) listens to many voices.

Voice Quality

Voice quality includes features such as roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, diplophonia, aphonia, tremor, vocal fry, falsetto, wet/gurgly quality, loudness, and overall severity.

Assessment Form

The assessment form includes patient information, referral source, reason for referral, and other relevant details.

Stroboscopy

Stroboscopy is used to assess vocal fold vibration and mucosal wave, which may be affected by pathology, scarring, pitch, loudness, hyperfunction, hypofunction, anxiety, and subglottic driving force.
Stroboscopy parameters include phase closure, phase symmetry, and mucosal wave.

Vocal Fold Paralysis

Vocal fold paralysis can be diagnosed through video glottic closure examples, including larger than normal posterior gap, hourglass closure, spindle-shaped, irregular closure, incomplete closure, and anterior gap.

Aerodynamic Analysis

Aerodynamic analysis measures air pressures and air flows to diagnose voice disorders, helping to interpret valving activity of the larynx, vocal fold structure, and vocal fold configuration and movement.

Flexible Endoscopy

Flexible endoscopy helps view the larynx during connected speech tasks, allowing a broader view of the vocal tract and supraglottic region.
However, it has limitations, including dark image, disruptive movements of the velum or swallows, and difficulty achieving a stable image.

Laryngeal Videostroboscopy

Laryngeal videostroboscopy demonstrates gross movements of laryngeal structures, providing an immediate image of presence or absence of pathology and a permanent visual record.
It also demonstrates characteristics of vocal fold vibration and the integrity of the mucous membrane fold covering.

Instrumental Components of Stroboscopy

Instrumental components of stroboscopy include a rigid or flexible endoscope, video camera, light source (halogen and xenon), digital recorder, monitor, and printer, as well as a computer interface.

Normal Vocal Folds

Normal vocal folds have a specific structure, including the trachea, arytenoid, vocal process, true vocal fold, epiglottis, and false vocal fold.

Assessment of Voice Disorders

Voice disorders occur when voice quality, pitch, and loudness differ or are inappropriate for an individual's age, gender, cultural background, or geographic location.
Incidence and prevalence of voice disorders vary, with adults in the USA having an incidence of 1 in 13, and pediatric patients having a range of 41% to 73% identified with vocal nodules.

Role of SLP in Voice Disorders

The role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in voice disorders includes prevention, screening and assessment, performing instrumental procedures, treatment and management, and collaboration with other medical professionals.
SLPs diagnose voice disorders but do not provide medical diagnoses.

Psychogenic Voice Therapy

Psychogenic voice therapy focuses on the emotional and psychosocial status of the patient that led to and maintained the voice disorder.
It aims to treat the psychosocial problem, which in turn improves the voice.

Physiologic Voice Therapy

Physiologic voice therapy is based on expanded knowledge of vocal function as evaluated through objective voice assessment.
It strives to improve the balance among voice, respiratory support, laryngeal muscle strength, control, and stamina, and supraglottic modification of the laryngeal tone.

Eclectic Voice Therapy

Eclectic voice therapy combines various approaches to affect positive vocal change.
It acknowledges that different therapies may be effective for different patients and therapists.

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Description

Explore the definition and incidence of voice disorders where voice quality, pitch, and loudness are inappropriate for an individual's characteristics. Learn about the prevalence in adults in the USA and pediatric cases, including the higher occurrence in females and teachers.