Questions and Answers
Explain the chemistry behind the preparation of malt vinegar from cane juice or date tree juice.
The preparation of malt vinegar involves the fermentation of sugars present in cane juice or date tree juice into ethanol, followed by the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid.
How does the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers like urea and ammonium nitrate help plant growth?
They provide essential nitrogen nutrients that promote plant growth and prevent chlorosis.
Describe how phosphorus-containing fertilizers, such as TSP and DAP, benefit plants.
They supply phosphorus needed for energy transfer, root development, and flowering.
What is the role of potassium-containing fertilizers like muriate of potash in plant development?
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What are the three pillars of food security?
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What environmental factors contribute to the deterioration of food?
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How do micro-organisms like bacteria, yeast, and molds cause food spoilage?
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Why is it important to preserve agricultural products, especially juicy vegetables and fruits?
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Study Notes
Vocational Chemistry: Project and Practical
- Prepare malt vinegar from cane juice or date tree juice
- Prepare vinegar from ethanol using different fertilizers supplying N, P, and K for plant growth and flowering/fruit bearing
Fertilizers and Plant Growth
- Nitrogen-containing fertilizers:
- Urea (NH2)2C=O
- Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3
- Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4
- Help plant growth, deficiency leads to chlorosis
- Phosphorous-containing fertilizers:
- TSP (Ca(H2PO4)2)
- DAP ((NH4)2HPO4)
- Potassium-containing fertilizers:
- Murate of Potash KCl
- Potassium nitrate KNO3
- Help plants bear flowers and fruits, deficiency leads to short plant
Food Security
- Three pillars of food security:
- Food availability
- Individual food access
- Food use as per body weight
- Correct answer: (d) i, ii, iii
Importance of Chemistry in Food Production
- Effective roles of chemistry have increased world food production
- Preservation of agricultural products is crucial for year-round use
Problem of Food Preservation
- Causes of food deterioration:
- Attack of micro-organisms (bacteria, yeast, mould, fungi)
- Environmental causes (humidity, temperature changes)
- Toxins secreted by bacteria can cause food poisoning and even death
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Description
This vocational chemistry project and practical aim to prepare vinegar from cane juice or date tree juice and ethanol, and explain the chemistry of preservation and its importance in food preservation. The practical also involves preparing fertilizers for plant growth.
