Vocabulary Word Formation

Vocabulary

Word Formation

• Prefixes: added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g., un- in unhappy)
• Suffixes: added to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g., -ly in friendly)
• Root words: original words that can be modified with prefixes and suffixes (e.g., tele- in telephone)
• Compounding: combining two words to form a new word (e.g., bookshelf)

Word Types

• Homophones: words that sound the same but have different meanings (e.g., to, too, two)
• Homographs: words that are spelled the same but have different meanings (e.g., bank - financial institution, bank - riverbank)
• Synonyms: words with similar meanings (e.g., happy, joyful, pleased)
• Antonyms: words with opposite meanings (e.g., hot, cold)

Vocabulary Development

• Etymology: study of the origin and history of words
• Semantic fields: groups of words related to a particular concept or theme (e.g., words related to food, travel)
• Connotations: emotional associations of words (e.g., home - warm, cozy; prison - cold, harsh)

Vocabulary in Context

• Collocations: words that frequently appear together (e.g., strong coffee, heavy rain)
• Idioms: fixed expressions with a specific meaning (e.g., "break a leg" - good luck)
• Phrasal verbs: verbs composed of a verb and a preposition (e.g., get on, turn off)

Vocabulary Acquisition

• Active learning: actively engaging with new vocabulary through activities such as flashcards, quizzes, and games
• Passive learning: indirectly acquiring vocabulary through reading, listening, and exposure
• Spaced repetition: reviewing vocabulary at increasingly longer intervals to aid retention

Vocabulary

Word Formation

• Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, e.g., un- in unhappy
• Suffixes are added to the end of a word to change its meaning, e.g., -ly in friendly
• Root words are original words that can be modified with prefixes and suffixes, e.g., tele- in telephone
• Compounding combines two words to form a new word, e.g., bookshelf

Word Types

• Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings, e.g., to, too, two
• Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, e.g., bank - financial institution, bank - riverbank
• Synonyms are words with similar meanings, e.g., happy, joyful, pleased
• Antonyms are words with opposite meanings, e.g., hot, cold

Vocabulary Development

• Etymology is the study of the origin and history of words
• Semantic fields are groups of words related to a particular concept or theme, e.g., words related to food, travel
• Connotations are emotional associations of words, e.g., home - warm, cozy; prison - cold, harsh

Vocabulary in Context

• Collocations are words that frequently appear together, e.g., strong coffee, heavy rain
• Idioms are fixed expressions with a specific meaning, e.g., "break a leg" - good luck
• Phrasal verbs are verbs composed of a verb and a preposition, e.g., get on, turn off

Vocabulary Acquisition

• Active learning involves actively engaging with new vocabulary through activities such as flashcards, quizzes, and games
• Passive learning involves indirectly acquiring vocabulary through reading, listening, and exposure
• Spaced repetition involves reviewing vocabulary at increasingly longer intervals to aid retention