Podcast
Questions and Answers
Bovine papillomaviruses primarily lead to systemic infections in birds.
Bovine papillomaviruses primarily lead to systemic infections in birds.
False
The E6 and E7 oncogenes of certain viruses can bind to and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins.
The E6 and E7 oncogenes of certain viruses can bind to and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins.
True
One main mode of transmission for certain viruses is indirect contact with contaminated equipment.
One main mode of transmission for certain viruses is indirect contact with contaminated equipment.
True
Avian polyomaviruses primarily infect adult birds, causing localized infections.
Avian polyomaviruses primarily infect adult birds, causing localized infections.
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The viral oncoproteins enhance the pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signal transduction cascade.
The viral oncoproteins enhance the pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signal transduction cascade.
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Bovine papillomavirus is known to cause warts in cattle and can lead to cancer.
Bovine papillomavirus is known to cause warts in cattle and can lead to cancer.
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The genome of Papillomaviruses is composed of a single molecule of linear double-stranded RNA.
The genome of Papillomaviruses is composed of a single molecule of linear double-stranded RNA.
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The diameter of virions in the genus Papillomavirus is approximately 55 nm.
The diameter of virions in the genus Papillomavirus is approximately 55 nm.
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Polyomaviruses are known to have a wide host range and can infect various species easily.
Polyomaviruses are known to have a wide host range and can infect various species easily.
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The presence of oncogenic viruses is linked to various types of cancers in humans, including cervical cancer.
The presence of oncogenic viruses is linked to various types of cancers in humans, including cervical cancer.
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Papovaviruses are particularly sensitive to environmental changes like temperature and pH.
Papovaviruses are particularly sensitive to environmental changes like temperature and pH.
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Specific cell types are preferentially targeted by papovaviruses due to their unique cell tropism.
Specific cell types are preferentially targeted by papovaviruses due to their unique cell tropism.
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The SV40 virus is a polyomavirus that has provided significant insight into viral oncogenesis.
The SV40 virus is a polyomavirus that has provided significant insight into viral oncogenesis.
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Oncogenic viruses can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
Oncogenic viruses can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
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Papovaviruses are significant in veterinary medicine because they can lead to both mild and severe diseases in animals.
Papovaviruses are significant in veterinary medicine because they can lead to both mild and severe diseases in animals.
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Virion properties refer to the external characteristics of the virus particle.
Virion properties refer to the external characteristics of the virus particle.
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The family Papovaviridae includes viruses known primarily for their oncogenic potential.
The family Papovaviridae includes viruses known primarily for their oncogenic potential.
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Cell tropism refers to the ability of a virus to infect multiple types of cells within a host.
Cell tropism refers to the ability of a virus to infect multiple types of cells within a host.
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Methods of evading the immune system are essential for the survival of oncogenic viruses.
Methods of evading the immune system are essential for the survival of oncogenic viruses.
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Families of oncogenic viruses include Papovaviridae, Retroviridae, and Herpesviridae.
Families of oncogenic viruses include Papovaviridae, Retroviridae, and Herpesviridae.
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The presentation format includes an introduction, transmission methods, and a section on treatment and control.
The presentation format includes an introduction, transmission methods, and a section on treatment and control.
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Study Notes
VMIC 124 Reporting Guidelines
- Presentations should be 25 minutes long, with 5 minutes for Q&A.
- Professors may invite members of the audience.
- Reports are graded based on format, content (group), and presentation/delivery (individual).
- Format is worth 10 points.
- Content is worth 30 points.
- Presentation/delivery is worth 10 points.
- Presenters must upload a .pdf of their presentation to Discord a day before the presentation.
- Bonus points are awarded for formal attire during presentations, sensible questions asked, and correct answers to questions asked during the presentation or on Discord.
Introduction to Papovaviruses
- Papovaviruses, historically grouped in the Papovaviridae family, are significant in veterinary medicine.
- They cause various diseases in animals, potentially ranging from benign growths to severe systemic infections.
- Papovaviruses induce cell proliferation and transformation, causing lesions like warts or more severe cancers and systemic infections.
- Transmission methods include close contact (including sexual contact), injection, and fomites.
- Families with oncogenic viruses include Retroviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Papovaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Herpesviridae.
- Papovaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, 40-50nm in size, with cubic symmetry. They are ether-resistant and non-enveloped.
Taxonomy and Representative Diseases
- The Papovaviridae family is reclassified into Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae.
- Papillomaviridae includes viruses that cause warts (papillomas) in animals (e.g., bovine papillomavirus in cattle).
- Polyomaviridae includes viruses like avian polyomavirus, causing Budgerigar Fledgling Disease in young birds.
Characteristics of the Infectious Agent
- Papovaviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral capsids.
- The genome consists of a single molecule of circular, double-stranded DNA.
- Size varies (e.g., 5 kbp in Polyomavirus, 8 kbp in Papillomavirus).
- The capsid contains 72 capsomeres.
- Genomes are infectious and usually persistent, integrated into host cell DNA.
- These viruses are very resistant to environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and pH). Individual polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses have narrow host ranges.
Transmission and Immune Response
- Transmission can be direct (contact with contaminated equipment) or indirect.
- Papovaviruses evade the immune system via viral proteins that evade MHC class 1 presentation and MHC class I expression.
- They modulate the immune response by hindering the activation of toll-like receptors, reducing MHC I expression, and inhibiting transcription of genes associated with the immune response.
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Papilloma Symptoms: Cutaneous warts, mucosal warts, squamous cell carcinoma, difficulty breathing, and swallowing.
- Polyoma Symptoms: Feather loss or damage, lethargy, anorexia, hemorrhage, and death in birds.
Diagnostic Tests
- Papovavirus diagnostics depend on species, presentation, and suspected virus.
- Methods include PCR to detect viral DNA, histopathology to examine tissue, immunohistochemistry to detect viral antigens, in-situ hybridization to localize viral DNA, and serology to measure antibodies.
- Specific tests are available for bovine, canine, equine, and other species.
Treatment and Control
- Papillomaviruses infect various species (e.g., cattle, horses, dogs).
- Treatment often involves surgical removal (e.g., excision, cryotherapy).
- Topical therapies with chemicals (e.g., podophyllin, imiquimod) may be used.
- Immune-modulation (vaccination) is also used.
- Controlling outbreaks involves minimizing contact with contaminated equipment and isolation.
- Vaccination is a primary prevention
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Description
This quiz covers the reporting guidelines for VMIC 124 presentations, focusing on format, content, and delivery assessment. Additionally, it includes information about Papovaviruses, their impact in veterinary medicine, and associated diseases. Understanding both topics will enhance your presentation skills and knowledge of virology.
