Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin?
Excess fat soluble vitamins typically accumulate in the
Liver
Replacing lost nutrients in foods is called
Enrichment
Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and development of body cells?
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Which is not considered an active form of vitamin A?
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The active form of vitamin D is called
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Which of the following diseases is associated with vitamin D deficiency?
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Where is vitamin E primarily stored?
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Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting?
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Vitamin B is composed of how many compounds?
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The common deficiency associated with thiamin is
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The body needs ___ to synthesize fatty acids.
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Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the primary co-enzyme for vitamin
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The RDA for folate is ____ micrograms per day for adult men and women aged 19 years and older.
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Spina bifida and heart disease have been associated with a deficiency in which of the following?
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Which vitamin is a component of acetyl CoA?
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Eating too many raw egg whites may adversely affect absorption of
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A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is
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When taken in large amounts exceeding UL values along with blood thinners and aspirin, ____ can interfere with blood clotting.
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Which vitamin helps reactions break down glucose, make RNA and DNA, or produce energy-rich molecules that power protein synthesis?
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Water soluble vitamins are stored in the body.
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Vitamins are found in every food group, including fats and oils.
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Breads are often fortified with vitamin D.
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A healthy liver can store up to a year's supply of vitamin A.
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Carotenoids have appeared to help reduce the rate of cataracts, certain cancers, and skin ailments and perhaps improve immune function.
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10 to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide an adequate supply of vitamin C.
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Common signs of vitamin E deficiency include dizziness, loss of appetite, and irritability.
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In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems.
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Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats.
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High doses of niacin can cause an uncomfortable flushing reaction of the face and arms, along with headache, blurred vision, and in severe cases liver damage.
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Mega doses of vitamin B6 can cause painful, partially irreversible nerve damage that causes numbness in the extremities and interferes with walking.
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Niacin is crucial to DNA synthesis and cell division, amino acid metabolism, and the maturation of red blood cells and other cells.
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Vitamin B12 is absorbed beginning in the mouth and through the multistage digestive process that requires a substance called intrinsic factor.
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Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency include weakness and fatigue and eventual nerve damage.
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Good sources of biotin include fruits and vegetables such as broccoli and bananas.
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Vitamin C helps protect cells from oxidative damage and may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer.
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The RDA for vitamin C is 60 milligrams per day for men and 45 milligrams per day for women.
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Choline is a vitamin-like nutrient that helps metabolize homocysteine as well as performing a host of other functions, including as a component of acetylcholine and phospholipids.
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Examples of conditional nutrients include inositol, carnitine, taurine, and lipoic acid.
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Only foods of animal origin contain retinoids, while some foods of plant origin contain provitamin A carotenoids such as beta-carotene.
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Study Notes
Vitamins Overview
- Vitamin C is not a fat-soluble vitamin; it is classified as water-soluble.
- Fat-soluble vitamins, when excessive, primarily accumulate in the liver.
- Enrichment is the process of replacing nutrients lost in food during processing.
Vitamin A
- Key function includes supporting vision and cellular development.
- Retalogical is not considered an active form of vitamin A, while retinol and retinal are.
Vitamin D
- The active form of vitamin D is known as calcitriol.
- Rickets is a disease linked to vitamin D deficiency, primarily in children.
Vitamin E
- Vitamin E is stored mainly in body fat.
- Excessive intake can interfere with blood clotting, especially when combined with blood thinners and aspirin.
Vitamin K
- Primarily responsible for the blood clotting process.
Vitamin B Complex
- Comprised of eight different compounds.
- Thiamin deficiency can lead to beriberi, while niacin is necessary for synthesizing fatty acids.
- Pyridoxal phosphate is a crucial co-enzyme for vitamin B6.
- The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for folate is 400 micrograms per day for adults; deficiency is linked to Spina Bifida and heart disease.
Other Vitamins and Nutrients
- Pantothenic acid is a component of acetyl CoA, essential for many metabolic processes.
- Raw egg whites may inhibit biotin absorption.
- Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by symptoms like fatigue and bleeding gums.
Storage and Absorption
- Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body, while fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver for an extended period.
- Healthy livers can hold vitamin A for up to a year.
- Vitamin K deficiency in adults is rare and often occurs in those with fat malabsorption problems.
Dietary Sources and Effects
- Riboflavin sources include dairy, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats.
- High doses of niacin can cause flushing, headaches, and liver damage.
- Excessive vitamin B6 intake can cause irreversible nerve damage.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Vitamin B12 absorption relies on intrinsic factor and can lead to weakness, fatigue, and nerve damage when deficient.
- Good sources of biotin are not primarily fruits and vegetables.
- Vitamin C aids in protecting cells from oxidative damage and may lower the risk of heart disease and certain cancers.
- Recommended daily intakes for vitamin C differ; 60 mg for men and 45 mg for women is incorrect.
- Choline is a nutrient with vitamin-like properties, crucial in metabolizing homocysteine and contributing to acetylcholine production.
Conditional Nutrients
- Conditional nutrients include inositol, carnitine, taurine, and lipoic acid, which may become necessary under certain conditions.
- Foods of animal origin contain retinoids, while plant sources provide provitamin A carotenoids like beta-carotene.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential vitamins and their functions in the body. Explore the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, and understand the implications of deficiencies. This quiz covers Vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B complex.
